Analysis of Seepage in a Laboratory Scaled Model Using Passive Optical Fiber Distributed Temperature Sensor
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Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Jamova Cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
2
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Veveří 331/95, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Water 2020, 12(2), 367; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12020367
Received: 22 December 2019 / Revised: 16 January 2020 / Accepted: 25 January 2020 / Published: 29 January 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Groundwater and Surface Water Monitoring and Management)
Seepage is the key factor in the safety of dikes and earth-fill dams. It is crucial to identify and localize the seepage excesses at the early stages before it initiates the internal erosion process in the structure. A proper seepage monitoring system should ensure a continuous and wide area seepage measurement. Here, continuous monitoring of seepage at the laboratory-scale is achieved by a passive optical fiber Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) system. An experimental model was designed which consists of initially unsaturated sand model, water supply, seepage outflow, optical fiber DTS system, and water and air temperature measurement. Initially, the sand temperature was higher than the temperature of the seepage water. An optical fiber DTS system was employed with a high-temperature resolution, short sampling intervals and short time intervals for temperature monitoring in the sand model. In the system, the small variation in the temperature due to groundwater flow was detected. The numerical analysis was conducted for both the seepage process and the heat transfer progression in the sand model. The results of the heat flow simulation were evaluated and compared with the measured temperature by the optical fiber DTS. Obvious temperature reduction was obtained due to seepage propagation in the sand. The rate of temperature reduction was observed to be dependent on the seepage flow velocity.
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Keywords:
seepage; optical fiber DTS; temperature; saturation; flow velocity
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MDPI and ACS Style
Ghafoori, Y.; Maček, M.; Vidmar, A.; Říha, J.; Kryžanowski, A. Analysis of Seepage in a Laboratory Scaled Model Using Passive Optical Fiber Distributed Temperature Sensor. Water 2020, 12, 367. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12020367
AMA Style
Ghafoori Y, Maček M, Vidmar A, Říha J, Kryžanowski A. Analysis of Seepage in a Laboratory Scaled Model Using Passive Optical Fiber Distributed Temperature Sensor. Water. 2020; 12(2):367. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12020367
Chicago/Turabian StyleGhafoori, Yaser, Matej Maček, Andrej Vidmar, Jaromír Říha, and Andrej Kryžanowski. 2020. "Analysis of Seepage in a Laboratory Scaled Model Using Passive Optical Fiber Distributed Temperature Sensor" Water 12, no. 2: 367. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12020367
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