Serious Sensor Placement—Optimal Sensor Placement as a Serious Game
Abstract
:1. Introduction
A serious game is a digital game created with the intention to entertain and to achieve at least one additional goal (e.g., learning or health). [21]
2. Methods and Materials
2.1. Net Coverage Calculation
- Placing new nodes (called virtual nodes) in the middle of each pipe.
- Situating the sensors at the original nodes in the network.
- Calculating the corresponding error index vector of the virtual node .
- Assigning the error index of the virtual node, , to the original pipe.
2.2. Serious Sensor Placement
2.2.1. Software Backbone
2.2.2. Hydraulic Models in SSP
2.2.3. Game Objectives
- maximizing the sensor performance by finding optimal sensor positions and
- keeping the number of placed sensors below a certain threshold.
- Maximum number of sensors: 15 sensors
- Minimum net coverage: 60%
2.2.4. Graphical User Interface
2.3. Case Study
- Web Interface Clarity
- Operating Elements Intuitivity
- Gaming Fun
- Motivation to reach better results
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Optimization and Case Study Results
3.2. Questionnaire Evaluation
- The objective achievement could be marked using sound effects or pop-ups.
- A Hall of Fame could show the highest net coverages achieved.
- The time a user has spent playing the game could be shown in the GUI.
- Hints could be implemented to help the players.
- Costs resulting from the number of placed sensors could be displayed.
- The scientific background of SSP could be described in the GUI.
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
DE | Differential Evolution |
GUI | Graphical User Interface |
OSP | Optimal Sensor Placement |
SeGWADE | Serious Game for Water Distribution System Analysis, Design and Evaluation |
SPuDU | Sensor Placement under Demand Uncertainties |
SSP | Serious Sensor Placement |
WDS | Water Distribution System |
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Number of placed sensors | <10 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | >15 |
Percentage of solutions | 6.10% | 1.8% | 2.36% | 6.93% | 7.07% | 11.93% | 53.81% | 9.99% |
Criterion | Minimum | Maximum | Mean | Median |
---|---|---|---|---|
Web Interface Clarity | 1.00 | 3.00 | 1.92 | 2.00 |
Operating Elements Intuitivity | 1.00 | 2.00 | 1.25 | 1.00 |
Gaming Fun | 1.00 | 2.00 | 1.25 | 1.00 |
Motivation to reach better results | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
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Arbesser-Rastburg, G.; Fuchs-Hanusch, D. Serious Sensor Placement—Optimal Sensor Placement as a Serious Game. Water 2020, 12, 68. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12010068
Arbesser-Rastburg G, Fuchs-Hanusch D. Serious Sensor Placement—Optimal Sensor Placement as a Serious Game. Water. 2020; 12(1):68. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12010068
Chicago/Turabian StyleArbesser-Rastburg, Georg, and Daniela Fuchs-Hanusch. 2020. "Serious Sensor Placement—Optimal Sensor Placement as a Serious Game" Water 12, no. 1: 68. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12010068
APA StyleArbesser-Rastburg, G., & Fuchs-Hanusch, D. (2020). Serious Sensor Placement—Optimal Sensor Placement as a Serious Game. Water, 12(1), 68. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12010068