Analysis of 15N-NO3− Via Anoxic Slurries Coupled to MIMS Analysis: An Application to Estimate Nitrification by Burrowing Macrofauna
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Slurry Concentration Series
2.2. Time Series Experiment
2.3. Concentration Series Experiment
2.4. Quantification of Labelled and Unlabeled N-NO3−
2.5. Anammox Assay
2.6. Calculations
2.7. Application of the Method to a 15N-NO3− Dilution Experiment to Measure Nitrification Rates in Bioturbated Sediments
2.7.1. Microcosm Set Up and Incubation
2.7.2. Calculation of 14N-NO3−-Efflux from Sediments
Method A
Method B
2.7.3. Measurement of Coupled Nitrification–Denitrification
2.8. Statistical Analyses
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Slurry Concentration Series
3.2. Time Series Experiment
3.3. Concentration Series Experiment
3.4. Quantification of Labelled and Unlabeled N-NO3−
3.5. Anammox Assay
3.6. Measurements of 15N-NO3− and 14N-NO3− to Determine Nitrification Rates in Bioturbated Sediments
3.6.1. 14N-NO3−-Efflux from Sediments
3.6.2. Coupled Nitrification–Denitrification
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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[15N-NO3−] µM | [14N-NO3−] µM | Time (h) | [Slurries] mL L−1 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Slurry concentration series | 50 | 0 | 20 | 42 83 125 167 | 208 250 292 333 | 375 417 458 500 | ||||||
Time series | 2 20 200 300 | 0 | 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 | 5 7 10 22 34 48 | 167 | |||||||
Concentration series | 0.5 2.5 5 10 20 30 40 50 | 75 100 150 200 300 400 500 600 | 700 800 900 1000 1500 2000 3000 | 0 | 20 | 167 | ||||||
Quantification of labelled and unlabeled N-NO3− | (a) | 0.2 0.6 2.5 6.5 16.5 | 33.0 50.0 67.0 83.5 93.5 | 97.5 99.4 99.8 | 99.8 99.4 97.5 93.5 83.5 | 67.0 50.0 33.0 16.5 6.5 | 2.5 0.6 0.2 | 20 | 167 | |||
(b) | 37.5 40 42.5 45 47.5 | 50 52.5 55 57.5 60 | 62.5 | 62.5 60 57.5 55 52.5 | 50 47.5 45 42.5 40 | 37.5 |
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Carpintero Moraes, P.; Arroyave Gòmez, D.M.; Vincenzi, F.; Castaldelli, G.; Fano, E.A.; Bartoli, M.; Benelli, S. Analysis of 15N-NO3− Via Anoxic Slurries Coupled to MIMS Analysis: An Application to Estimate Nitrification by Burrowing Macrofauna. Water 2019, 11, 2310. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112310
Carpintero Moraes P, Arroyave Gòmez DM, Vincenzi F, Castaldelli G, Fano EA, Bartoli M, Benelli S. Analysis of 15N-NO3− Via Anoxic Slurries Coupled to MIMS Analysis: An Application to Estimate Nitrification by Burrowing Macrofauna. Water. 2019; 11(11):2310. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112310
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarpintero Moraes, Paula, Diana Marcela Arroyave Gòmez, Fabio Vincenzi, Giuseppe Castaldelli, Elisa Anna Fano, Marco Bartoli, and Sara Benelli. 2019. "Analysis of 15N-NO3− Via Anoxic Slurries Coupled to MIMS Analysis: An Application to Estimate Nitrification by Burrowing Macrofauna" Water 11, no. 11: 2310. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112310