Identifying the Drivers of Water Consumption in Single-Family Households in Joinville, Southern Brazil
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area and Sampling Plan
2.2. Questionnaire Survey
2.3. Explanatory Data and Correlation Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Water Consumption
3.2. Correlation Between Variables
3.3. Surrounding Infrastructure
3.4. Socioeconomic and Demographic Characteristics
3.5. Constructive Features
3.6. Installed Fixtures
3.7. Water-Use Habits
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Minimum | 1st Quartile | Median | Mean | 3rd Quartile | Maximum | Standard Deviation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Monthly water consumption (m3/month/household) | 3.25 | 10.46 | 13.56 | 15.01 | 18.12 | 42.42 | 6.669 |
Per capita water consumption (liters/person/day) | 50.64 | 103.68 | 130.36 | 144.91 | 162.06 | 389.54 | 63.370 |
N | Description | LN Monthly Water Consumption | LN Per Capita Water Consumption |
---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | |||
Surrounding infrastructure | |||
1 | Existence of public sewage collection system | - | −0.278 a |
Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics | |||
2 | Total number of residents | 0.479 a | −0.283 a |
3 | Number of women | 0.204 a | −0.208 a |
4 | Educational level of the person responsible for the water bill | - | −0.226 a |
5 | House property (rented or financed) | −0.342 a | −0.233 b |
Constructive features | |||
6 | Number of bathrooms | 0.237 a | - |
7 | Logarithm of building age (years) | 0.168 b | - |
8 | Built area (m2)—includes house area, garage, and shed | 0.288 a | 0.184 b |
9 | Presence of reservoir | - | −0.346 a |
10 | Water shortage in the household | 0.225 b | 0.254 a |
Installed fixtures | |||
11 | Presence of water-efficient appliances (dual-flush toilets, 6 liters per flush toilet or tap aerators) | - | −0.217 b |
12 | Presence of aerators | −0.237 b | −0.226 b |
13 | Presence of 6 liters per flush toilets | −0.251 b | - |
Consumption habits | |||
14 | Water reuse from washing machine | −0.239 b | - |
15 | Use of high-pressure washer for washing the car | 0.258 a | - |
16 | Use of high-pressure washer for washing outdoor areas | 0.318 a | - |
17 | Use of irrigator for garden watering | 0.382 a | 0.288 b |
Characteristics | min | Median | Mean | Max | sd |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
# of residents | 1 | 4 | 3.537 | 6 | 1.018 |
# of women | 0 | 2 | 1.852 | 4 | 0.783 |
# of children | 0 | 0 | 0.315 | 3 | 0.651 |
# of teenagers | 0 | 0 | 0.231 | 2 | 0.466 |
# of adults | 1 | 3 | 2.833 | 5 | 0.881 |
# of elderly | 0 | 0 | 0.130 | 2 | 0.364 |
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Garcia, J.; Salfer, L.R.; Kalbusch, A.; Henning, E. Identifying the Drivers of Water Consumption in Single-Family Households in Joinville, Southern Brazil. Water 2019, 11, 1990. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11101990
Garcia J, Salfer LR, Kalbusch A, Henning E. Identifying the Drivers of Water Consumption in Single-Family Households in Joinville, Southern Brazil. Water. 2019; 11(10):1990. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11101990
Chicago/Turabian StyleGarcia, Janine, Luis Ricardo Salfer, Andreza Kalbusch, and Elisa Henning. 2019. "Identifying the Drivers of Water Consumption in Single-Family Households in Joinville, Southern Brazil" Water 11, no. 10: 1990. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11101990
APA StyleGarcia, J., Salfer, L. R., Kalbusch, A., & Henning, E. (2019). Identifying the Drivers of Water Consumption in Single-Family Households in Joinville, Southern Brazil. Water, 11(10), 1990. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11101990