Adsorption of Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B in Aqueous Solutions on Clay–Biochar Composites from Bagasse and Natural Attapulgite
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Reagents
2.2. Preparation of Biochar
2.3. Physical and Chemical Properties of Biochar Samples
2.4. Adsorption Experiments
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Biochar Properties
3.2.Effects of pH on Zeta Potential and the Adsorption of RBR by the Biochar Samples
3.3. Adsorption Isotherms of RBR by the Biochar Samples
3.4. Adsorption Kinetics
3.5. Regeneration of Adsorbents
3.6. Adsorption Mechanisms
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Experimental Item | Biochar Weight (g) | RBR Solution Concentrations (mg/L) | Sampling Time (min) | Temp. (°C) | Vibration Rate (rpm) | SamplingMethod |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adsorption isotherms | 0.1 | 40–200 (40,60,80,100,120,140,160,180,200) | 1440 | 25 | 150 | Syringe membrane |
Adsorption kinetics | 0.1 | 100 | 5–1440 (5,10,30,60,120,240,720,1440) | 25 | 150 | Syringe membrane |
Effects of pH | 0.1 | 100 | 1440 | 25 | 150 | Syringe membrane |
Sample | AB | 1-5-AB | 1-3-AB |
---|---|---|---|
Pore characteristics | |||
BET surface area (m2/g) | 219.49 | 178.51 | 63.91 |
Total pore volume (m3/g) | 0.1270 | 0.1343 | 0.0644 |
Average pore width (nm) | 2.31 | 3.01 | 4.03 |
Elemental analysis (%) | |||
C | 78.27 | 54.76 | 44.96 |
H | 0.98 | 0.62 | 0.65 |
O | 5.13 | 8.53 | 8.92 |
N | 0.46 | 0.18 | 0.14 |
K | 1.37 | 2.92 | 3.58 |
Na | 3.25 | 5.58 | 6.57 |
Mg | 0.71 | 1.80 | 2.69 |
Al | 0.66 | 2.58 | 3.64 |
Fe | 0.75 | 1.77 | 3.04 |
Ca | 2.05 | 3.68 | 3.89 |
Si | 6.28 | 16.31 | 20.86 |
Biochar Samples | Langmuir | Freundlich | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Qm (mg/g) | KL (L/mg) | R2 | KF (mg/g(mg/L)1/n) | n | R2 | |
AB | 40.50 | 0.039 | 0.995 | 1.512 | 0.413 | 0.986 |
1-5-AB | 65.15 | 0.401 | 0.993 | 1.218 | 0.197 | 0.988 |
1-3-AB | 72.20 | 0.581 | 0.992 | 1.182 | 0.167 | 0.988 |
ATP | 42.59 | 0.022 | 0.991 | 1.629 | 0.488 | 0.981 |
Adsorbent | Qm (mg/g) | Ref. |
---|---|---|
AB | 40.5 | This study |
1-5-AB | 65.1 | This study |
1-3-AB | 72.2 | This study |
CB [6] | 158.5 | [45] |
Py-MS | 891.1 | [46] |
MFe3O4/CsNPS | 476.8 | [47] |
NiO nanosheets | 30.4 | [48] |
MgO nanoplates | 303.0 | [49] |
Organic aerogels | 90.0 | [50] |
Carbon aerogels | 450.0 | [50] |
Ni/Al-LDH | 4.9 | [51] |
Mg/Al-LDH | 3.8 | [51] |
Co/Al-LDH | 2.3 | [51] |
Kinetic Models | AB | 1-5-AB | 1-3-AB | ATP |
---|---|---|---|---|
qe,exp (mg/g) | 25.619 | 47.911 | 49.195 | 22.876 |
Pseudo-first-order | ||||
qe,cal (mg/g) | 2.222 | 9.956 | 10.916 | 2.207 |
k1( min−1) | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.001 |
r2 | 0.858 | 0.895 | 0.931 | 0.792 |
Pseudo-second-order | ||||
qe,cal (mg/g) | 25.63 | 47.94 | 49.33 | 22.74 |
k2 (g/mg min) | 0.04 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 |
r2 | 0.999 | 0.999 | 0.999 | 0.996 |
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Chen, S.; Zhou, M.; Wang, H.-F.; Wang, T.; Wang, X.-S.; Hou, H.-B.; Song, B.-Y. Adsorption of Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B in Aqueous Solutions on Clay–Biochar Composites from Bagasse and Natural Attapulgite. Water 2018, 10, 703. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10060703
Chen S, Zhou M, Wang H-F, Wang T, Wang X-S, Hou H-B, Song B-Y. Adsorption of Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B in Aqueous Solutions on Clay–Biochar Composites from Bagasse and Natural Attapulgite. Water. 2018; 10(6):703. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10060703
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Si, Min Zhou, Han-Fei Wang, Teng Wang, Xiao-Shu Wang, Hao-Bo Hou, and Bi-Yu Song. 2018. "Adsorption of Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B in Aqueous Solutions on Clay–Biochar Composites from Bagasse and Natural Attapulgite" Water 10, no. 6: 703. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10060703