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Volume 16
Issue 12
10.3390/atmos16121346
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Air Quality at Your Street 2.0—Air Quality Modelling for All Streets in Denmark

by
Steen Solvang Jensen
1,*,
Matthias Ketzel
1,
Jibran Khan
1,
Victor H. Valencia
1,2,
Jørgen Brandt
1,
Jesper H. Christensen
1,
Lise M. Frohn
1,
Camilla Geels
1,
Ole-Kenneth Nielsen
1,
Marlene Schmidt Plejdrup
1 and
Thomas Ellermann
1
1
Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
2
Center for Research in Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology (CISPEC), Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, UTE University, Quito 170527, Ecuador
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Atmosphere 2025, 16(12), 1346; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16121346
Submission received: 18 September 2025 / Revised: 21 November 2025 / Accepted: 21 November 2025 / Published: 27 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Air Quality)
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Abstract

High-resolution air quality data are critical for exposure assessment, regulatory compliance, and urban planning. In this study, we present modelled annual mean concentrations of NO2, PM2.5, PM10, Black Carbon (BC), and particle number concentration (PNC) for all ~2.5 million Danish addresses in 2019 using the Air Quality at Your Street 2.0 system. The modelling framework combines coupled chemistry–transport models (DEHM/UBM/OSPM) with input from the Green Mobility Model and GPS-based vehicle speed data. Model outputs were evaluated against observations from the Danish Air Quality Monitoring Programme, showing strong agreement for NO2, PM2.5, PM10, and BC, but notable overestimation of PNC background levels and underestimation of street contributions. Indicative exceedances of NO2 EU limit values decreased markedly from 2012 to 2019, while exceedances of updated EU and WHO guidelines persist, especially for particulate matter. This work identifies key sources of model uncertainty and supports high-resolution national-scale assessment and citizen access via an interactive map.
Keywords: air quality; map; model; nesting; validation; traffic air quality; map; model; nesting; validation; traffic
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MDPI and ACS Style

Jensen, S.S.; Ketzel, M.; Khan, J.; Valencia, V.H.; Brandt, J.; Christensen, J.H.; Frohn, L.M.; Geels, C.; Nielsen, O.-K.; Plejdrup, M.S.; et al. Air Quality at Your Street 2.0—Air Quality Modelling for All Streets in Denmark. Atmosphere 2025, 16, 1346. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16121346

AMA Style

Jensen SS, Ketzel M, Khan J, Valencia VH, Brandt J, Christensen JH, Frohn LM, Geels C, Nielsen O-K, Plejdrup MS, et al. Air Quality at Your Street 2.0—Air Quality Modelling for All Streets in Denmark. Atmosphere. 2025; 16(12):1346. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16121346

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jensen, Steen Solvang, Matthias Ketzel, Jibran Khan, Victor H. Valencia, Jørgen Brandt, Jesper H. Christensen, Lise M. Frohn, Camilla Geels, Ole-Kenneth Nielsen, Marlene Schmidt Plejdrup, and et al. 2025. "Air Quality at Your Street 2.0—Air Quality Modelling for All Streets in Denmark" Atmosphere 16, no. 12: 1346. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16121346

APA Style

Jensen, S. S., Ketzel, M., Khan, J., Valencia, V. H., Brandt, J., Christensen, J. H., Frohn, L. M., Geels, C., Nielsen, O.-K., Plejdrup, M. S., & Ellermann, T. (2025). Air Quality at Your Street 2.0—Air Quality Modelling for All Streets in Denmark. Atmosphere, 16(12), 1346. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16121346

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