Impact of Urban Forest and Park on Air Quality and the Microclimate in Jinan, Northern China

Though the impact of urban vegetation on air quality and the microclimate has attracted increasing attention, there have been few studies quantitatively assessing this impact in North China, where air pollution is severe. In this study, we investigated the impact of urban forests and urban parks on air quality and the microclimate in Jinan, northern China. Six sites were chosen to represent urban forest, urban park, and downtown areas, respectively. The results indicate that urban forest can effectively reduce PM_2.5 and ozone (O₃) concentrations in the warm season, when temperatures are higher and plants are lush. The PM_2.5 and O₃ concentrations in the urban forest areas were 6.3–6.5 μg m⁻³ and 21–23 μg m⁻³ lower than those in downtown areas during the period of 10:00–15:00. In contrast, urban park areas can reduce PM_2.5 concentrations but have little impact on gaseous pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide and O₃. Furthermore, both urban forest and urban park areas reduced temperatures, by approximately 4.1–6.8 °C and 1.36 °C, respectively, and increased relative humidity, by about 13.4–12.9% and 0.9%, promoting a more comfortable thermal environment for residents. Therefore, this study highlights the crucial role of urban vegetation in improving air quality and creating a comfortable environment for residents.