Diagnostic Relations between Pressure and Entropy Perturbations for Acoustic and Entropy Modes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Diagnostic Relations
2.1. Basic Balance Equations for Arbitrary Stable Stratification
2.2. Relation between Pressure and Entropy Perturbations for Acoustic and Entropy Modes
2.3. Diagnostic Equations
3. On the Dataset
3.1. Standard Atmosphere H(z) Profile
3.2. Linear Approximation of H(z)
4. Solution of a Disgnostic Equation for Linear Dependence of H(z) by Factorization Method
4.1. Operator Factorization
4.2. On Boundary Conditions
4.2.1. General Remarks
4.2.2. Boundary Problem
5. Applications to Data of a Numeric Experiment
5.1. Discrete Representation of Functions and Operators for the Standard Atmosphere H(z) Case
5.2. Representation of Functions and Operators for the Linear H(z) Case
6. Comparison of the Models and Discussion of the Results
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Solution of the First and Second Diagnostic Equations
References
- Kovasznay, L.S.G. Turbulence in Supersonic Flow. J. Aeronaut. Sci. 1953, 20, 657–674. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chu, B.-T.; Kovásznay, L.S.G. Non-linear interactions in a viscous heat-conducting compressible gas. J. Fluid Mech. 1958, 3, 494. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Brekhovskikh, L.M.; Godin, A.O. Acoustics of Layered Media; Springer: Berlin, Germany, 1990. [Google Scholar]
- Pedloski, J. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics; Springer: New York, NY, USA, 1987. [Google Scholar]
- Gordin, A.V. Mathematical Problems of Hydrodynamical Weather Prediction. Analytical Aspects; Gydrometeoizdat: Leningrad, Russia, 1987. [Google Scholar]
- Leble, S.B. Nonlinear Waves in Waveguides with Stratification; Springer: Berlin, Germany, 1990. [Google Scholar]
- Wu, Y.; Llewellyn Smith, S.; Rottman, J.; Broutman, D.; Minster, J. The propagation of tsunami-generated acoustic–gravity waves in the atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci. 2016, 73, 3025–3036. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Leble, S.; Perelomova, A. Dynamical Projectors Method in Hydro- and Electrodynamics; CRC Press, Taylor and Frensis Group: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2018. [Google Scholar]
- Leble, S.; Perelomova, A. Problem of proper decomposition and initialization of acoustic and entropy modes in a gas affected by the mass force. Appl. Math. Model. 2013, 37, 629–635. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Belikovich, V.V.; Benediktov, E.A.; Tolmacheva, A.V.; Bakhmet’eva, N.V. Ionospheric Research by Means of Artificial Periodic Irregularities; Copernicus GmbH: Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany, 2002. [Google Scholar]
- Bakhmetieva, N.V.; Grigor’ev, G.I.; Tolmacheva, A.V. Artificial periodic irregularities, hydrodynamic instabilities, and dynamic processes in the mesosphere-lower thermosphere. Radiophys. Quantum Electron. 2011, 53, 623–637. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Leble, S.; Vereshchagin, S.; Bakhmetieva, N.; Grigoriev, G. On the Diagnosis of Unidirectional Acoustic Waves as Applied to the Measurement of Atmospheric Parameters by the API Method in the SURA Experiment. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 924. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Leble, S.; Vereshchagin, S.; Vereshchagina, I. Algorithm for the Diagnostics of Waves and Entropy Mode in the Exponentially Stratified Atmosphere. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. B 2020, 14, 371–376. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Leble, S.; Vereshchagina, I. Problem of disturbance identification by measurement in the vicinity of a point. Task Q. 2016, 20, 131–141. [Google Scholar]
- Butler, A.H.; Sjoberg, J.P.; Seidel, D.J.; Rosenlof, K.H. A sudden stratospheric warming compendium. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 2017, 9, 63–76. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Karpov, I.V.; Kshevetsky, S.P.; Borchevkina, O.P.; Radievsky, A.V.; Karpov, A.I. Disturbances of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere caused by acoustic-gravity wave sources in the lower atmosphere. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. B 2016, 10, 127–132. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kshevetskii, S.P.; Kurdyaeva, Y.A.; Gavrilov, N.M.; Karpov, I.V. Simulation of vertical propagation of acoustic-gravity waves in the atmosphere based on variations of atmospheric pressure and research of heating of the upper atmosphere by dissipated waves. In Proceedings of the V International Conference Atmosphere, Ionosphere, Safety; Publishing house of the Baltic Federal University. I. Kant: Kaliningrad, Russia, 2016; pp. 468–473. [Google Scholar]
- Kshevetskii, S.P.; Kurdyaeva, Y.A. The Numerical Study of Impact Of Acoustic-Gravity Waves from the Pressure Source on The Earth’s Surface on the Thermosphere Temperature. Tr. Kol‘skogo Nauchnogo Czentra RAS 2016, 4, 161–166. [Google Scholar]
- Kurdyaeva, Y.A.; Kshevetski, S.P.; Gavrilov, N.; Kulichkov, S.N. Correct boundary conditions for the high-resolution model of nonlinear acoustic-gravity waves forced by atmospheric pressure variations. Pure Appl. Geophys. 2018, 175, 3639–3652. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Brezhnev, Y.; Kshevetsky, S.; Leble, S. Linear initialization of hydrodynamical fields. Atmos. Ocean. Phys. 1994, 30, 84–88. [Google Scholar]
- Sun, L.; Robinson, W.A.; Chen, G. The predictability of stratospheric warming events: More from the troposphere or the stratosphere? J. Atmos. Sci. 2012, 69, 768–783. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Perelomova, A. Weakly nonlinear dynamics of short acoustic waves in exponentially stratified gas. Arch. Acoust. 2009, 34, 127–143. [Google Scholar]
- Zettergren, M.D.; Snively, J.B. Ionospheric response to infrasonic- acoustic waves generated by natural hazard events. J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. 2015, 120, 8002–8024. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- U.S. Government Printing Office. U.S. Standard Atmosphere; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, USA, 1976. [Google Scholar]
- Leble, S.; Perelomova, A. Decomposition of acoustic and entropy modes in a non-isothermal gas affected by a mass force. Arch. Acoust. 2018, 43, 497–503. [Google Scholar]
- Perelomova, A. Nonlinear dynamics of directed acoustic waves in stratified and homogeneous liquids and gases with arbitrary equation of state. Arch. Acoust. 2000, 25, 451–463. [Google Scholar]
- Perelomova, A. Nonlinear dynamics of vertically propagating acoustic waves in a stratified atmosphere. Acta Acust. 1998, 84, 1002–1006. [Google Scholar]
- Leble, S.; Smirnova, E. Tsunami-Launched Acoustic Wave in the Layered Atmosphere: Explicit Formulas Including Electron Density Disturbances. Atmosphere 2019, 10, 629. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- AtmoSym: A Multi-Scale Atmosphere Model from the Earth’s Surface up to 500 km. 2016. Available online: http://atmos.kantiana.ru (accessed on 10 April 2017).
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Leble, S.; Smirnova, E. Diagnostic Relations between Pressure and Entropy Perturbations for Acoustic and Entropy Modes. Atmosphere 2021, 12, 1164. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12091164
Leble S, Smirnova E. Diagnostic Relations between Pressure and Entropy Perturbations for Acoustic and Entropy Modes. Atmosphere. 2021; 12(9):1164. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12091164
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeble, Sergey, and Ekaterina Smirnova. 2021. "Diagnostic Relations between Pressure and Entropy Perturbations for Acoustic and Entropy Modes" Atmosphere 12, no. 9: 1164. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12091164
APA StyleLeble, S., & Smirnova, E. (2021). Diagnostic Relations between Pressure and Entropy Perturbations for Acoustic and Entropy Modes. Atmosphere, 12(9), 1164. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12091164