Reproducibility of the Quantification of Reversible Wall Interactions in VOC Sampling Lines
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Set-Up
- Configuration A: the detector receives the Zero Air flowing through the bypass while the VOC Mixture is sent to the vent (Ref. Figure 2); gas is entrapped in the test pipe.
- Configuration B: the detector receives the Zero Air flowing through the test pipe while the VOC Mixture is sent to the vent (Ref. Figure 2).
- Configuration C: the detector receives the VOC Mixture flowing through the bypass, while Zero Air is sent to the vent; Zero Air is entrapped in the test pipe.
- Configuration D: the detector receives the VOC Mixtures flowing through the test pipe while Zero Air is sent to the vent.
2.2. Materials
3. Methodology
3.1. Measurand Equation: Amount of VOC Adsorbed Per Unit Area of Wall at Equilibrium
3.2. Measurement Procedure
3.3. Bias Correction
4. Results
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Switch | Valve | S∞ | Test Pipe | Gas | Operation and Effects | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | SAir | In | Clean | Zero | Cleaning device and test pipe till Flat signal | |
B→A | Vs2 | SAir | Off | Clean | Zero | Spike (ts1) at switch |
A→C | Vs1 | SMix | Off | Clean | VOC | Spike (ts2) at switch, tu0, Saturating device |
C→D | Vs2 | SMix | In | Sat. | VOC | Spike (ts3) at switch Signal depletion (td1) after device residence time Spike (ts4) after test pipe residence times tu1 |
D→C | Vs2 | SMix | Off | Sat. | VOC | Spike (ts5) at switch, Cleaning device |
C→A | Vs1 | SAir | Off | Sat. | Zero | Spike (ts6) at switch td0 |
A→B | Vs2 | SAir | In | Clean | Zero | Spike (ts7) at switch Signal increase (tu2) after device residence time Spike (ts8) after test pipe residence times, td1 |
Time | Box | Event | Characteristic Time |
---|---|---|---|
Spike ts1 | 1 | B→A Switch | |
Spike ts2 | 1 | A→C Switch | |
tu0 | 1 | VOC Mixture reaches FID | tu0 − ts2 Residence time from Vs1 to detector no test pipe |
Spike ts3 | 2 | C→D Switch | |
td1 | 2 | Air entrapped reaches FID | td1 − ts3 Residence time from Vs2 to detector |
Spike ts4 | 3 | VOC Mixture reaches FID without VOC (all adsorbed on wall) | τr = ts4 − td1 Residence time in test pipe |
tu1 | 3 | VOC starts to overpass pipe | Delay of VOC appearance |
Spike ts5 | 4 | D→C Switch | |
Spike ts6 | 4 | C→A Switch | |
td0 | 4 | Zero Air reaches the FID | td0 − ts6 Residence time in the device without test pipe |
Spike ts7 | 5 | A→B Switch | |
tu2 | 5 | VOC Mixture entrapped reaches FID | tu2 − ts7 Residence time from Vs2 to detector |
Spike ts8 | 6 | Zero Air reaches FID | τR = ts8 − tu2 Residence time in test pipe |
td1 | 6 | VOC starts to overpass pipe | Delay of VOC disappearance |
Sample | N | L | qV0g | τr | T | P | Re |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(m) | (SmL min−1) | (min) | (°C) | (kPa) | (-) | ||
Sulfinert A | 53 | 26 | 9–195 | 0.5–9.5 | 22–27 | 100–130 | 5–150 |
Sulfinert B | 29 | 8.5 | 9–55 | 0.6–3.2 | 17–30 | 100–120 | 5–40 |
Sulfinert C | 18 | 8.5 | 9–55 | 0.6–3.2 | 20–22 | 100–120 | 5–40 |
Sample | CA,e | σ | σ% | CA,e, 20 °C, 1 bar | σ, 20 °C, 1 bar | σ%. 20 °C, 1 bar |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(nmol m−2) | (nmol m−2) | σ/CA,e | (nmol m−2) | (nmol m−2) | σ/CA.e | |
Sulfinert A | 28.2 | 4.8 | 17% | 38.2 | 2.8 | 7.3% |
Sulfinert B | 34.0 | 9.1 | 27% | 41.7 | 3.3 | 8.0% |
Sulfinert C | 38.5 | 4.9 | 13% | 39.6 | 3.4 | 8.5% |
All data | 32.3 | 7.6 | 24% | 39.5 | 3.4 | 8.6% |
Mean ABC | 33.5 | 5.2 | 15% | 39.8 | 1.7 | 4.4% |
Sample | CA,e,20 °C,1 bar | σ20 °C,1 bar | σ%,20 °C,1 bar | Ke,20 °C,1 bar | σ,20 °C,1 bar | σ%,20 °C,1 bar |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(nmol m−2) | (nmol m−2) | σ/CA,e | (m) | (m) | σ/Ke | |
Sulfinert A | 38.2 | 0.3 | 0.8% | 0.173 | 0.002 | 1.0% |
Sulfinert B | 41.7 | 0.5 | 1.2% | 0.185 | 0.003 | 1.5% |
Sulfinert C | 39.6 | 0.5 | 1.3% | 0.171 | 0.002 | 1.4% |
All data | 39.5 | 0.3 | 0.7% | 0.176 | 0.001 | 0.8% |
Mean ABC | 39.8 | 1.0 | 2.5% | 0.176 | 0.005 | 2.6% |
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Sassi, G.; Khan, B.A.; Lecuna, M. Reproducibility of the Quantification of Reversible Wall Interactions in VOC Sampling Lines. Atmosphere 2021, 12, 280. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12020280
Sassi G, Khan BA, Lecuna M. Reproducibility of the Quantification of Reversible Wall Interactions in VOC Sampling Lines. Atmosphere. 2021; 12(2):280. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12020280
Chicago/Turabian StyleSassi, Guido, Bilal Alam Khan, and Maricarmen Lecuna. 2021. "Reproducibility of the Quantification of Reversible Wall Interactions in VOC Sampling Lines" Atmosphere 12, no. 2: 280. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12020280