Analysis of Emission of Greenhouse Gases from Road Transport in Poland between 1990 and 2017
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
- fossil carbon dioxide–CO2,
- methane–CH4,
- nitrous oxide–N2O,
- hydrofluorocarbons–HFC,
- perfluorocarbons–PFC,
- sulfur hexafluoride–SF6 and
- nitrogen trifluoride–NF3.
- fossil carbon dioxide,
- methane and
- nitrous oxide.
- fuel consumption;
- number of vehicles per vehicle category, combustion engine size or vehicle mass and emission control technology;
- the mileage per vehicle class;
- mileage share per road class (i.e., urban, rural and highways);
- the average speed per vehicle type and per road class;
- monthly temperature (min and max) and
- fuel characteristics.
3. Results of the Greenhouse Gases Inventory
4. Analysis of the Results of the Greenhouse Gases’ Emissions Inventory
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
- The annual emissions of fossil carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide showed an increasing trend, with a relative increase of ca. 110% and 100%, respectively, while in the case of methane, a downward trend was observed, representing a decrease of over 50%. In consequence, the annual emissions of equivalent carbon dioxide increased by ca. 110%.
- The average specific distance emissions were found to increase by ca. 5% for fossil carbon dioxide and by ca. 10% for nitrous oxide, while for methane, there was a decrease by more than 150%.
- The GHG emissions from road transport in Poland could be significantly lower if more emphasis was placed on the widespread use of renewable energy sources.
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Greenhouse Gas | Chemical Formula | GWP |
---|---|---|
Carbon dioxide | CO2 | 1 |
Methane | CH4 | 28 |
Nitrous oxide | N2O | 265 |
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Bebkiewicz, K.; Chłopek, Z.; Lasocki, J.; Szczepański, K.; Zimakowska-Laskowska, M. Analysis of Emission of Greenhouse Gases from Road Transport in Poland between 1990 and 2017. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 387. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040387
Bebkiewicz K, Chłopek Z, Lasocki J, Szczepański K, Zimakowska-Laskowska M. Analysis of Emission of Greenhouse Gases from Road Transport in Poland between 1990 and 2017. Atmosphere. 2020; 11(4):387. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040387
Chicago/Turabian StyleBebkiewicz, Katarzyna, Zdzisław Chłopek, Jakub Lasocki, Krystian Szczepański, and Magdalena Zimakowska-Laskowska. 2020. "Analysis of Emission of Greenhouse Gases from Road Transport in Poland between 1990 and 2017" Atmosphere 11, no. 4: 387. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040387
APA StyleBebkiewicz, K., Chłopek, Z., Lasocki, J., Szczepański, K., & Zimakowska-Laskowska, M. (2020). Analysis of Emission of Greenhouse Gases from Road Transport in Poland between 1990 and 2017. Atmosphere, 11(4), 387. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040387