Impact of VOCs and NOx on Ozone Formation in Moscow
A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119017 Moscow, Russia
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Atmosphere 2020, 11(11), 1262; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11111262
Received: 7 October 2020 / Revised: 2 November 2020 / Accepted: 19 November 2020 / Published: 23 November 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tropospheric Ozone Observations)
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone (O3), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), meteorological parameters, and total non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) were analyzed from simultaneous measurements at the MSU-IAP (Moscow State University—Institute of Atmospheric Physics) observational site in Moscow from 2011–2013. Seasonal and diurnal variability of the compounds was studied. The highest O3 concentration in Moscow was observed in the summer daytime periods in anticyclonic meteorological conditions under poor ventilation of the atmospheric boundary layer and high temperatures (up to 105 ppbv or 210 μg/m3). In contrast, NOx, CO, and benzene decreased from 8 a.m. to 5–6 p.m. local time (LT). The high positive correlation of daytime O3 with secondary VOCs affirmed an important role of photochemical O3 production in Moscow during the summers of 2011–2013. The summertime average concentrations of the biogenic VOCs isoprene and monoterpenes were observed to be 0.73 ppbv and 0.53 ppbv, respectively. The principal source of anthropogenic VOCs in Moscow was established to be local vehicle emissions. Yet, only about 5% of the observed isoprene was safely attributed to anthropogenic sources, suggesting significant contribution of biogenic sources into the total levels of ozone precursors. The non-linear O3–NOx dependence shows a decrease in ground-level O3 with an increase in NOx during the summers of 2011–2013, which is typical for the VOC-sensitive photochemical regime of O3 formation. Nevertheless, during the elevated ozone episodes in July 2011, the photochemical regime of ozone production was either transitional or NOx-sensitive. Contribution of various anthropogenic and biogenic VOCs into the measured ozone values was evaluated. The ozone-forming potential (OFP) of total VOCs was 31–67 μg/m3 on average and exceeded 100 μg/m3 in the top 10% of high ozone events, reaching 136 μg/m3. Acetaldehyde, 1.3-butadiene, and isoprene have the highest ozone production potential in Moscow compared to that of other measured VOCs.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Berezina, E.; Moiseenko, K.; Skorokhod, A.; Pankratova, N.V.; Belikov, I.; Belousov, V.; Elansky, N.F. Impact of VOCs and NOx on Ozone Formation in Moscow. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 1262. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11111262
AMA Style
Berezina E, Moiseenko K, Skorokhod A, Pankratova NV, Belikov I, Belousov V, Elansky NF. Impact of VOCs and NOx on Ozone Formation in Moscow. Atmosphere. 2020; 11(11):1262. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11111262
Chicago/Turabian StyleBerezina, Elena; Moiseenko, Konstantin; Skorokhod, Andrei; Pankratova, Natalia V.; Belikov, Igor; Belousov, Valery; Elansky, Nikolai F. 2020. "Impact of VOCs and NOx on Ozone Formation in Moscow" Atmosphere 11, no. 11: 1262. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11111262
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