Seasonal Variability in the Composition of Particulate Matter and the Microclimate in Cultural Heritage Areas
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Apparent Temperature Investigations
2.2. PM2.5–10 Sample Analysis
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Apparent Temperature
3.2. PM2.5–10 Metal Composition
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Optimal Instrumental Parameters | Metals Detection Limit (µg/kg) |
---|---|
Plasma Power: 1548.6 W | Al: 16.51 |
Cr: 1.50 | |
Mn: 0.48 | |
Nebulizer Ar flow: 1 L/min | Fe: 4.31 |
Ni: 0.73 | |
Cu: 1.19 | |
Plasma Ar flow: 10.75 L/min | Cu: 1.19 |
Zn: 8.92 | |
Cd: 0.13 | |
Sample uptake rate: 0.4 mL/min | Pb: 1.23 |
Season | Parameter | Minimum | Maximum | Mean | Median | Standard Deviation | Reported Data [35] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Summer | Indoor | ||||||
T [°C] | 27.00 | 31.70 | 29.17 | 28.90 | 1.00 | 21.07 | |
RH [%] | 46.60 | 62.60 | 53.81 | 54.60 | 4.83 | 62.67 | |
AT [°C] | 29.56 | 34.21 | 31.71 | 31.44 | 3.04 | - | |
Outdoor | |||||||
T [°C] | 25.10 | 38.20 | 29.11 | 28.40 | 2.78 | - | |
RH [%] | 28.00 | 70.00 | 47.28 | 48.00 | 8.80 | - | |
AT [°C] | 27.67 | 40.64 | 31.64 | 30.94 | 2.25 | - | |
Autumn | Indoor | ||||||
T [°C] | 11.40 | 16.40 | 13.93 | 13.90 | 1.25 | 10.67 | |
RH [%] | 43.00 | 53.00 | 48.48 | 49.00 | 7.39 | 72.33 | |
AT [°C] | 13.97 | 18.92 | 16.48 | 16.45 | 2.15 | - | |
Outdoor | |||||||
T [°C] | 0.70 | 5.40 | 3.27 | 3.00 | 1.35 | - | |
RH [%] | 72.00 | 99.00 | 91.90 | 94.00 | 6.55 | - | |
AT [°C] | 3.36 | 8.02 | 5.91 | 5.64 | 1.06 | - | |
Winter | Indoor | ||||||
T [°C] | 5.80 | 14.90 | 9.87 | 9.50 | 2.31 | −1.73 | |
RH [%] | 53.00 | 68.60 | 60.03 | 61.05 | 3.10 | 74 | |
AT [°C] | 8.43 | 17.44 | 12.46 | 12.09 | 1.35 | - | |
Outdoor | |||||||
T [°C] | 2.10 | 18.10 | 10.38 | 10.40 | 4.07 | - | |
RH [%] | 30.00 | 84.00 | 57.20 | 57.00 | 12.38 | - | |
AT [°C] | 4.74 | 20.58 | 12.94 | 12.96 | 1.72 | - | |
Spring | Indoor | ||||||
T [°C] | 22.50 | 26.30 | 24.96 | 25.00 | 0.64 | 9.66 | |
RH [%] | 52.10 | 63.50 | 58.91 | 59.10 | 2.45 | 68.66 | |
AT [°C] | 25.09 | 28.85 | 27.53 | 27.57 | 3.17 | - | |
Outdoor | |||||||
T [°C] | 20.30 | 30.20 | 25.58 | 25.30 | 1.98 | - | |
RH [%] | 26.00 | 99.00 | 42.81 | 42.00 | 12.65 | - | |
AT [°C] | 22.86 | 32.66 | 28.09 | 27.81 | 4.05 | - |
Season | Metals | Minimum | Maximum | Mean | Median | Standard Deviation | Coefficient of Variation (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Summer | Indoor | Al | 3.09 | 4.15 | 3.56 | 3.3 | 0.55 | 15.45 |
Cr | 0.72 | 1.52 | 0.99 | 0.87 | 0.32 | 32.32 | ||
Mn | 1.36 | 1.91 | 1.71 | 1.79 | 2.09 | 1.22 | ||
Fe | 8.09 | 9.67 | 8.95 | 8.75 | 2.53 | 28.27 | ||
Ni | 4.9 | 6.07 | 5.3 | 5.11 | 0.47 | 8.87 | ||
Cu | 5.22 | 6.82 | 5.88 | 5.43 | 0.72 | 12.24 | ||
Zn | 3.61 | 6.74 | 5.71 | 6.06 | 1.26 | 22.07 | ||
Cd | 0.64 | 0.96 | 0.79 | 0.75 | 0.12 | 15.19 | ||
Pb | 4.58 | 5.43 | 5.03 | 5.11 | 0.34 | 6.76 | ||
Outdoor | Al | 4.15 | 5.86 | 4.58 | 4.37 | 0.72 | 15.72 | |
Cr | 1.72 | 3.09 | 2.42 | 2.45 | 0.67 | 27.69 | ||
Mn | 20.88 | 25.35 | 23.73 | 24.18 | 1.8 | 7.59 | ||
Fe | 99.92 | 114.83 | 107.74 | 110.57 | 6.79 | 6.30 | ||
Ni | 7.99 | 10.44 | 9.03 | 9.05 | 0.96 | 10.63 | ||
Cu | 8.1 | 9.69 | 8.99 | 9.37 | 0.74 | 8.23 | ||
Zn | 76.59 | 95.76 | 86.99 | 88.2 | 7.01 | 8.06 | ||
Cd | 0.96 | 1.28 | 1.17 | 1.17 | 0.13 | 11.11 | ||
Pb | 6.18 | 7.24 | 6.56 | 6.5 | 0.42 | 6.40 | ||
Autumn | Indoor | Al | 1.44 | 1.93 | 1.65 | 1.53 | 0.21 | 12.73 |
Cr | 0.18 | 0.38 | 0.25 | 0.21 | 0.09 | 36.00 | ||
Mn | 3.3 | 4.62 | 4.14 | 4.34 | 0.56 | 13.53 | ||
Fe | 6.46 | 7.72 | 7.15 | 6.99 | 0.52 | 7.27 | ||
Ni | 0.81 | 1.01 | 0.88 | 0.85 | 0.09 | 10.23 | ||
Cu | 0.75 | 0.98 | 0.84 | 0.78 | 0.11 | 13.10 | ||
Zn | 3.99 | 7.47 | 6.32 | 6.71 | 1.49 | 23.58 | ||
Cd | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 16.67 | ||
Pb | 0.37 | 0.44 | 0.4 | 0.42 | 0.03 | 7.50 | ||
Outdoor | Al | 2.39 | 3.37 | 2.63 | 2.5 | 0.44 | 16.73 | |
Cr | 0.22 | 0.4 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.07 | 21.88 | ||
Mn | 4.54 | 5.51 | 5.16 | 5.25 | 0.42 | 8.14 | ||
Fe | 6.6 | 7.6 | 7.13 | 7.31 | 0.42 | 5.89 | ||
Ni | 1.32 | 1.74 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0.17 | 11.33 | ||
Cu | 1.36 | 1.64 | 1.52 | 1.59 | 0.12 | 7.89 | ||
Zn | 6.22 | 7.79 | 7.07 | 7.17 | 0.64 | 9.05 | ||
Cd | 0.11 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.01 | 7.14 | ||
Pb | 0.63 | 0.75 | 0.67 | 0.66 | 0.04 | 5.97 |
Season | Metals | Minimum | Maximum | Mean | Median | Standard Deviation | Coefficient of Variation (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Winter | Indoor | Al | 1.02 | 1.36 | 1.17 | 1.08 | 0.15 | 12.82 |
Cr | 0.13 | 0.27 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.06 | 35.29 | ||
Mn | 2.33 | 3.26 | 2.93 | 3.06 | 0.4 | 13.65 | ||
Fe | 4.56 | 5.45 | 5.05 | 4.93 | 0.37 | 7.33 | ||
Ni | 0.57 | 0.71 | 0.62 | 0.6 | 0.06 | 9.68 | ||
Cu | 0.53 | 0.69 | 0.59 | 0.55 | 0.08 | 13.56 | ||
Zn | 2.82 | 5.27 | 4.46 | 4.74 | 1.05 | 23.54 | ||
Cd | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 20.00 | ||
Pb | 0.26 | 0.31 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.02 | 6.90 | ||
Outdoor | Al | 1.68 | 2.38 | 1.86 | 1.77 | 0.31 | 16.67 | |
Cr | 0.16 | 0.29 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.05 | 21.74 | ||
Mn | 3.2 | 3.89 | 3.64 | 3.71 | 0.29 | 7.97 | ||
Fe | 4.66 | 5.36 | 5.03 | 5.16 | 0.29 | 5.77 | ||
Ni | 0.93 | 1.23 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 0.12 | 11.32 | ||
Cu | 0.96 | 1.16 | 1.08 | 1.12 | 0.08 | 7.41 | ||
Zn | 4.39 | 5.5 | 4.99 | 5.06 | 0.45 | 9.02 | ||
Cd | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 | 10.00 | ||
Pb | 0.44 | 0.53 | 0.47 | 0.47 | 0.03 | 6.38 | ||
Spring | Indoor | Al | 1.6 | 2.15 | 1.84 | 1.71 | 0.29 | 15.76 |
Cr | 0.38 | 0.79 | 0.51 | 0.45 | 0.17 | 33.33 | ||
Mn | 7.07 | 9.88 | 8.86 | 9.28 | 1.08 | 12.19 | ||
Fe | 4.19 | 5.01 | 4.64 | 4.53 | 3.38 | 72.84 | ||
Ni | 2.54 | 3.15 | 2.75 | 2.65 | 0.24 | 8.73 | ||
Cu | 2.71 | 3.53 | 3.05 | 2.82 | 0.38 | 12.46 | ||
Zn | 8.72 | 14.95 | 9.6 | 11.42 | 6.55 | 78.23 | ||
Cd | 0.33 | 0.5 | 0.41 | 0.39 | 0.06 | 14.63 | ||
Pb | 2.37 | 2.82 | 2.61 | 2.65 | 0.18 | 6.90 | ||
Outdoor | Al | 2.15 | 3.04 | 2.37 | 2.26 | 0.38 | 16.03 | |
Cr | 0.89 | 1.6 | 1.25 | 1.27 | 0.35 | 28.00 | ||
Mn | 10.82 | 13.14 | 12.3 | 12.53 | 0.93 | 7.56 | ||
Fe | 51.79 | 59.52 | 55.85 | 57.32 | 3.52 | 6.30 | ||
Ni | 4.14 | 5.41 | 4.68 | 4.69 | 0.5 | 10.68 | ||
Cu | 4.2 | 5.02 | 4.66 | 4.86 | 0.38 | 8.15 | ||
Zn | 39.7 | 49.64 | 45.09 | 45.72 | 3.63 | 8.05 | ||
Cd | 0.5 | 0.66 | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.07 | 11.48 | ||
Pb | 3.2 | 3.75 | 3.4 | 3.37 | 0.22 | 6.47 |
Parameter | Al | Cr | Mn | Fe | Ni | Cu | Zn | Cd | Pb | T (°C) | RH (%) | AT (°C) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Al indoor | 1 | 0.93 | −0.34 | 0.72 | 0.95 * | 0.94 | −0.30 | 0.91 | 0.93 | 0.87 | −0.35 | 0.87 |
Cr indoor | 0.93 | 1 | −0.04 | 0.44 | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | −0.03 | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | 0.98 * | −0.11 | 0.98 * |
Mn indoor | −0.34 | −0.04 | 1 | −0.70 | −0.19 | −0.12 | 0.99 ** | −0.04 | −0.11 | 0.12 | 0.28 | 0.12 |
Fe indoor | 0.72 | 0.44 | −0.70 | 1 | 0.48 | 0.45 | −0.61 | 0.37 | 0.43 | 0.34 | −0.79 | 0.34 |
Ni indoor | 0.95 * | 0.99 ** | −0.15 | 0.48 | 1 | 0.99 ** | −0.15 | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | 0.95 * | −0.08 | 0.95 * |
Cu indoor | 0.94 | 0.99 ** | −0.12 | 0.45 | 0.99 ** | 1 | −0.12 | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | 0.96 * | −0.06 | 0.96 * |
Zn indoor | −0.30 | −0.03 | 0.99 ** | −0.61 | −0.15 | −0.12 | 1 | −0.04 | −0.11 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 |
Cd indoor | 0.91 | 0.99 ** | −0.04 | 0.37 | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | −0.04 | 1 | 0.99 ** | 0.97 * | 0.01 | 0.97 * |
Pb indoor | 0.93 | 0.99 ** | −0.11 | 0.43 | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | −0.11 | 0.99 ** | 1 | 0.96 * | −0.03 | 0.96 * |
T [°C] indoor | 0.87 | 0.98 * | 0.12 | 0.34 | 0.95 * | 0.96 * | 0.14 | 0.97 * | 0.96 * | 1 | −0.10 | 0.99 ** |
RH [%] indoor | −0.35 | −0.11 | 0.28 | −0.79 | −0.08 | −0.06 | 0.14 | 0.01 | −0.03 | −0.10 | 1 | −0.10 |
AT [°C] indoor | 0.87 | 0.98 * | 0.12 | 0.34 | 0.95 * | 0.96 * | 0.14 | 0.97 * | 0.96 * | 0.99 ** | −0.10 | 1 |
Parameter | Al | Cr | Mn | Fe | Ni | Cu | Zn | Cd | Pb | T (°C) | RH (%) | AT (°C) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Al outdoor | 1 | 0.78 | 0.88 | 0.84 | 0.86 | 0.87 | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.86 | 0.57 | −0.16 | 0.57 |
Cr outdoor | 0.78 | 1 | 0.98 * | 0.99 * | 0.98 * | 0.98 * | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | 0.98 * | 0.94 | −0.66 | 0.94 |
Mn outdoor | 0.88 | 0.98 * | 1 | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | 0.88 | −0.57 | 0.88 |
Fe outdoor | 0.84 | 0.99 * | 0.99 ** | 1 | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | 0.92 | −0.63 | 0.92 |
Ni outdoor | 0.86 | 0.98 * | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | 1 | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | 0.90 | −0.60 | 0.90 |
Cu outdoor | 0.87 | 0.98 * | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | 1 | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | 0.89 | −0.59 | 0.89 |
Zn outdoor | 0.83 | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | 1 | 0.99 * | 0.99 ** | 0.92 | −0.64 | 0.92 |
Cd outdoor | 0.82 | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | 0.996 ** | 0.99 ** | 1 | 0.99 ** | 0.92 | −0.64 | 0.92 |
Pb outdoor | 0.86 | 0.98 * | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | 0.99 ** | 1 | 0.90 | −0.62 | 0.91 |
T [°C] outdoor | 0.57 | 0.94 | 0.88 | 0.92 | 0.90 | 0.89 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.90 | 1 | −0.87 | 0.99 ** |
RH [%] outdoor | −0.16 | −0.66 | −0.57 | −0.63 | −0.60 | −0.59 | −0.64 | −0.64 | −0.62 | −0.87 | 1 | −0.87 |
AT [°C] outdoor | 0.57 | 0.94 | 0.88 | 0.92 | 0.90 | 0.89 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.91 | 0.99 ** | −0.87 | 1 |
Summer of 2018 | Autumn of 2018 | Assignment | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | S6 | S7 | A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | A5 | A6 | A7 | |
Wavenumber [cm−1] & Relative Intensity * | ||||||||||||||
3362w | 3363w | 3362w | 3365w | 3361w | 3369w | 3367w | 3365m | 3357m | 3361m | 3363m | 3356m | 3361m | 3363m | stretching O–H |
1792w | 1793w | 1796w | 1795w | - | 1796w | 1794w | 1791w | 1795w | - | 1795w | 1798w | 1790w | 1792w | C–O (CO32−) |
- | 1632m | - | - | 1639m | - | - | 1637m | 1639m | 1647s | 1635s | 1629m | 1635m | 1639m | C–NH2 (amine) |
1465m | 1463s | 1465m | 1465m | 1462m | 1464m | 1461m | 1463s | 1461s | 1462s | 1460m | 1462m | 1465m | 1463m | N–H (NH4+) and C–O (CO32−) |
1393s | - | 1391s | 1392s | 1393s | 1408s | - | - | - | - | - | 1395s | 1392s | 1394s | C–O (CO32−) |
1363m | 1368m | 1368m | 1364m | 1361m | 1360m | 1363m | 1367m | 1362w | 1365w | 1365w | 1364m | 1361m | 1367m | N–O (NO3−) |
1131m | 1130m | 1138m | 1127m | 1130m | 1123m | 1132m | 1127m | 1128w | 1130m | 1122w | 1123m | 1127w | 1129m | S–O (SO42−) |
1040s | 1043s | 1035s | 1040s | 1036m | 1042m | 1035m | 1038m | 1039m | 1041m | 1039m | 1037m | 1038m | 1040m | Si–O (SiO44−) |
870s | 874s | 875s | 876m | 873s | 873s | 873s | 873s | 873s | 873s | 872s | 872s | 872s | 871s | C–O (CO32−) |
820w | 817w | 825w | 821w | 823w | 823w | 821w | 818w | 821w | 819w | 822w | - | 820w | - | N–O (NO3−) |
796m | 794m | 797m | 794m | 795m | 800m | 796m | 796w | 797w | - | - | - | - | - | Si–O (quartz) |
781s | 781s | 778s | 777s | 780s | 778m | 781m | 778w | 780w | - | - | - | - | - | Si–O (quartz) |
711s | 712s | 713s | 712s | 712m | 712s | 712s | 712s | 711s | 712m | 712s | 713s | 712s | 712s | Ca–O (CaCO3) |
618w | 614w | 614w | 616w | 615w | 618w | 612w | 615w | 614w | 617w | 615w | 612w | 616w | 610w | S–O (SO42−) |
465m | - | 461w | 469w | 465w | 464w | - | 460s | - | - | 467w | - | - | Si–O (SiO44−) | |
431w | 444s | 439w | 439s | 445s | 443w | - | 447w | - | 445w | - | 431w | - | 445w | Si–O (SiO44−) |
- | - | 427w | - | - | 420w | 426w | - | - | 429w | - | - | - | 429w | Ti–O (rutile) |
406m | 412m | 416m | 402m | 417m | 400m | 414w | - | 398s | 390s | 399m | - | 398m | 394s | Si–O (quartz) |
Winter of 2018 to 2019 | Spring of 2019 | Assignment | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | W2 | W3 | W4 | W5 | W6 | W7 | Sp1 | Sp2 | Sp3 | Sp4 | Sp5 | Sp6 | Sp7 | |
Wavenumber [cm−1] & Relative Intensity * | ||||||||||||||
3362w | 3363w | 3362w | 3365w | 3361w | 3369w | 3367w | 3360m | 3361m | 3363m | 3361w | 3360w | 3361w | 3360w | stretching O–H |
1793w | 1795w | 1796w | - | - | 1796w | 1794w | 1794w | 1792w | 1790w | 1790w | 1794w | 1795w | 1791w | C–O (CO32−) |
- | - | - | - | 1632s | - | - | - | 1635s | - | 1634s | 1630s | 1633s | - | C–NH2 (amine) |
1465s | 1463s | 1465s | 1465s | 1462s | 1464s | 1461s | 1461s | 1464s | 1465s | 1463s | 1463s | 1462s | 1465s | N–H (NH4+) and C–O (CO32−) |
1395s | - | 1396s | 1397s | 1397s | 1398s | - | 1392s | - | - | - | 1390s | 1391s | 1392s | C–O (CO32−) |
1363m | 1364m | 1365m | 1363m | 1361m | 1361m | 1362m | 1365w | 1363w | 1364w | 1365w | 1362w | 1364w | 1363w | N–O (NO3−) |
1131m | 1130m | 1138m | 1127w | 1130m | 1123m | 1132w | 1127w | 1128w | 1128w | 1127w | 1123w | 1127w | 1129w | S–O (SO42−) |
1040m | 1043m | 1039m | 1040m | 1039m | 1040m | 1038m | 1039s | 1039s | 1040s | 1039s | 1038s | 1040s | 1039m | Si–O (SiO44−) |
872s | 872s | 873s | 872s | 872s | 871s | 870s | 875s | 874s | 878s | 876m | 879s | 875s | 875s | C–O (CO32−) |
820w | - | - | 820w | - | 820w | - | 823w | 822w | 825w | 821w | 823w | 824w | 825w | N–O (NO3−) |
- | 797w | - | - | - | - | - | 795m | 792m | 793m | 794m | 792m | 796m | 795m | Si–O (quartz) |
779w | - | - | - | - | - | - | 781s | 780s | 780s | 782s | 781s | 781m | - | Si–O (quartz) |
712w | 712m | 712m | 711w | 712w | 711w | 710w | 711s | 712s | 713s | 712s | 712m | 712s | 712s | Ca–O (CaCO3) |
612w | 612w | 615w | 615w | 612w | 615w | 612w | 618w | 614w | 614w | 616w | 615w | 618w | 612w | S–O (SO42−) |
460s | - | - | 467w | - | - | 465m | - | - | 469w | 465w | 464w | - | Si–O (SiO44−) | |
446w | - | 446w | - | - | - | - | 431w | 444s | 439w | 439s | 445s | 443w | - | Si–O (SiO44−) |
- | - | 429w | - | - | - | - | - | - | 429w | - | - | - | - | Ti–O (rutile) |
- | 395s | 397s | 396m | - | 398m | 396s | 406m | 412m | 416m | 402m | 417m | 400m | 414w | Si–O (quartz) |
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Radulescu, C.; Stihi, C.; Ion, R.-M.; Dulama, I.-D.; Stanescu, S.-G.; Stirbescu, R.M.; Teodorescu, S.; Gurgu, I.-V.; Let, D.-D.; Olteanu, L.; et al. Seasonal Variability in the Composition of Particulate Matter and the Microclimate in Cultural Heritage Areas. Atmosphere 2019, 10, 595. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10100595
Radulescu C, Stihi C, Ion R-M, Dulama I-D, Stanescu S-G, Stirbescu RM, Teodorescu S, Gurgu I-V, Let D-D, Olteanu L, et al. Seasonal Variability in the Composition of Particulate Matter and the Microclimate in Cultural Heritage Areas. Atmosphere. 2019; 10(10):595. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10100595
Chicago/Turabian StyleRadulescu, Cristiana, Claudia Stihi, Rodica-Mariana Ion, Ioana-Daniela Dulama, Sorina-Geanina Stanescu, Raluca Maria Stirbescu, Sofia Teodorescu, Ion-Valentin Gurgu, Dorin-Dacian Let, Liviu Olteanu, and et al. 2019. "Seasonal Variability in the Composition of Particulate Matter and the Microclimate in Cultural Heritage Areas" Atmosphere 10, no. 10: 595. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10100595