Genes 2017, 8(6), 151; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes8060151
MYC Deregulation in Primary Human Cancers
Manpreet Kalkat 1,2
, Jason De Melo 2, Katherine Ashley Hickman 1,3, Corey Lourenco 1,2, Cornelia Redel 1,2, Diana Resetca 1,2, Aaliya Tamachi 2, William B. Tu 1,2 and Linda Z. Penn 1,2,*
, Jason De Melo 2, Katherine Ashley Hickman 1,3, Corey Lourenco 1,2, Cornelia Redel 1,2, Diana Resetca 1,2, Aaliya Tamachi 2, William B. Tu 1,2 and Linda Z. Penn 1,2,*
1
Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
2
Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
3
Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Daitoku Sakamuro
Received: 23 March 2017 / Revised: 19 May 2017 / Accepted: 19 May 2017 / Published: 25 May 2017
(This article belongs to the Special Issue MYC Networks)
Abstract
MYC regulates a complex biological program by transcriptionally activating and repressing its numerous target genes. As such, MYC is a master regulator of many processes, including cell cycle entry, ribosome biogenesis, and metabolism. In cancer, the activity of the MYC transcriptional network is frequently deregulated, contributing to the initiation and maintenance of disease. Deregulation often leads to constitutive overexpression of MYC, which can be achieved through gross genetic abnormalities, including copy number alterations, chromosomal translocations, increased enhancer activity, or through aberrant signal transduction leading to increased MYC transcription or increased MYC mRNA and protein stability. Herein, we summarize the frequency and modes of MYC deregulation and describe both well-established and more recent findings in a variety of cancer types. Notably, these studies have highlighted that with an increased appreciation for the basic mechanisms deregulating MYC in cancer, new therapeutic vulnerabilities can be discovered and potentially exploited for the inhibition of this potent oncogene in cancer. View Full-TextKeywords:
MYC; deregulation; cancer; gene amplification; translocation; enhancers; cell signaling
▼
Figures
Figure 1
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).
Share & Cite This Article
MDPI and ACS Style
Kalkat, M.; De Melo, J.; Hickman, K.A.; Lourenco, C.; Redel, C.; Resetca, D.; Tamachi, A.; Tu, W.B.; Penn, L.Z. MYC Deregulation in Primary Human Cancers. Genes 2017, 8, 151.
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.