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Volume 16
Issue 9
10.3390/genes16091029
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Brief Report

Association Between Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism rs2287886 of CD209 Gene and Clinical Severity of COVID-19 in Unvaccinated Brazilian Patients

by
Steffany Larissa Galdino Galisa
1,
Raldney Ricardo Costa da Silva
1,
Mell Cunha Aguiar
2,
Marcus Villander Barros de Oliveira Sá
1,
João Vinícius de Oliveira Melo
1,
Giúlia Vitória Neves Pereira
3,
José Rodolfo de Lima e Silva
1,
Bianca de Lima Xavier Paiva
1,
Andreza Gabriele da Silva Henrique
1,
Rodrigo Feliciano do Carmo
4,
Carlos Dornels Freire de Souza
4,
Anderson da Costa Armstrong
4,
Pablo Rafael Silveira Oliveira
5 and
Luydson Richardson Silva Vasconcelos
1,*
1
Department of Parasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil
2
Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
3
Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
4
Laboratório Avançado de Diagnóstico e Estudos em Saúde e Ambiente (LADESA), Colegiado de Medicina Federal, University of the São Francisco Valley (UNIVASF), Petrolina 56306-340, PE, Brazil
5
Institute of Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-060, BA, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Genes 2025, 16(9), 1029; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16091029
Submission received: 1 August 2025 / Revised: 25 August 2025 / Accepted: 27 August 2025 / Published: 29 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Discoveries, Clinical Diagnostics, and Personalized Treatments for Human Genetic Diseases)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background: Host genetic factors significantly influence individual susceptibility to severe COVID-19, potentially explaining the observed disparities in clinical outcomes across populations. One of the key effectors in innate immunity and antiviral defense is the CD209 gene. This study explored the potential correlation of the CD209 gene SNP rs2287886 with diverse COVID-19 patient outcomes. Materials and Methods: A total of 176 patients (87 in the moderate group and 89 in the severe/critical/death group) were included in the study. Genotyping of patients was performed using the qPCR methodology, through the TAQMAN system. The results were analyzed adopting a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The GG genotype (compared to AG + AA) and the G allele (compared to the A allele) of the rs2287886 SNP were significantly associated with an increased severity of COVID-19 (p = 0.0005 and p < 0.0001, respectively). The G allele was more frequent in individuals with more severe clinical outcomes (49.43% vs. 25.28%). Furthermore, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis indicated that the GG genotype of rs2287886 is associated with higher CD209 gene expression. Furthermore, the observed interaction analysis suggests that the interactions between CD209 and its associated proteins may play a role in modulating the immune response. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that Brazilian patients homozygous for the GG genotype of the rs2287886 polymorphism in the CD209 gene may be at increased risk of severe COVID-19 in the Brazilian population and may act as a potential prognostic marker of disease severity.
Keywords: CD209 gene; COVID-19; polymorphism; SARS-CoV-2 CD209 gene; COVID-19; polymorphism; SARS-CoV-2

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MDPI and ACS Style

Galisa, S.L.G.; Silva, R.R.C.d.; Aguiar, M.C.; Sá, M.V.B.d.O.; Melo, J.V.d.O.; Pereira, G.V.N.; Silva, J.R.d.L.e.; Paiva, B.d.L.X.; Henrique, A.G.d.S.; Carmo, R.F.d.; et al. Association Between Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism rs2287886 of CD209 Gene and Clinical Severity of COVID-19 in Unvaccinated Brazilian Patients. Genes 2025, 16, 1029. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16091029

AMA Style

Galisa SLG, Silva RRCd, Aguiar MC, Sá MVBdO, Melo JVdO, Pereira GVN, Silva JRdLe, Paiva BdLX, Henrique AGdS, Carmo RFd, et al. Association Between Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism rs2287886 of CD209 Gene and Clinical Severity of COVID-19 in Unvaccinated Brazilian Patients. Genes. 2025; 16(9):1029. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16091029

Chicago/Turabian Style

Galisa, Steffany Larissa Galdino, Raldney Ricardo Costa da Silva, Mell Cunha Aguiar, Marcus Villander Barros de Oliveira Sá, João Vinícius de Oliveira Melo, Giúlia Vitória Neves Pereira, José Rodolfo de Lima e Silva, Bianca de Lima Xavier Paiva, Andreza Gabriele da Silva Henrique, Rodrigo Feliciano do Carmo, and et al. 2025. "Association Between Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism rs2287886 of CD209 Gene and Clinical Severity of COVID-19 in Unvaccinated Brazilian Patients" Genes 16, no. 9: 1029. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16091029

APA Style

Galisa, S. L. G., Silva, R. R. C. d., Aguiar, M. C., Sá, M. V. B. d. O., Melo, J. V. d. O., Pereira, G. V. N., Silva, J. R. d. L. e., Paiva, B. d. L. X., Henrique, A. G. d. S., Carmo, R. F. d., de Souza, C. D. F., Armstrong, A. d. C., Oliveira, P. R. S., & Silva Vasconcelos, L. R. (2025). Association Between Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism rs2287886 of CD209 Gene and Clinical Severity of COVID-19 in Unvaccinated Brazilian Patients. Genes, 16(9), 1029. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16091029

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