The Genetic Basis of Anthocyanin Acylation in North American Grapes (Vitis spp.)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material and Sampling
2.2. Phenotyping and Data Analysis
2.3. rhAmpSeq Genotyping and Quality Control
2.4. Genetic Map Construction
2.5. QTL Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Mapping Population Showed Presence/Absence Patterns for Anthocyanin Acylation
3.2. Stable QTL for Acylation Ratio across Genetic Backgrounds
3.3. Candidate Genes
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chr | V. rupestris B38 × ‘Horizon’ | ‘Horizon’ × Illinois 547-1 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Markers | Size (cM) | Average Gap (cM) | Maximum Gap (cM) | Recomb. Rate (cM/Mb) | Markers | Size (cM) | Average Gap (cM) | Maximum Gap (cM) | Recomb. Rate (cM/Mb) | |
1 | 42 | 37.30 | 0.91 | 4.83 | 0.98 | 85 | 62.34 | 0.72 | 4.97 | 1.99 |
2 | 40 | 62.51 | 1.60 | 12.0 | 2.84 | 50 | 56.82 | 1.16 | 12.0 | 4.31 |
3 | 42 | 51.08 | 1.25 | 5.13 | 3.33 | 40 | 55.70 | 1.43 | 18.5 | 3.70 |
4 | 64 | 75.39 | 1.20 | 6.35 | 0.56 | 68 | 54.52 | 0.81 | 5.46 | 1.88 |
5 | 81 | 61.89 | 0.77 | 4.16 | 1.97 | 90 | 49.94 | 0.56 | 3.13 | 0.93 |
6 | 56 | 66.27 | 1.20 | 5.43 | 3.08 | 65 | 49.49 | 0.77 | 6.01 | 0.11 |
7 | 74 | 85.58 | 1.17 | 8.31 | 1.69 | 93 | 84.12 | 0.91 | 9.08 | 2.94 |
8 | 76 | 67.94 | 0.91 | 5.82 | 1.79 | 85 | 66.60 | 0.79 | 4.40 | 2.00 |
9 | 47 | 53.88 | 1.17 | 8.64 | 1.86 | 46 | 49.14 | 1.09 | 8.80 | 5.00 |
10 | 51 | 62.53 | 1.25 | 6.42 | 2.35 | 45 | 51.09 | 1.16 | 8.30 | 1.91 |
11 | 47 | 62.28 | 1.35 | 6.53 | 3.96 | 47 | 52.77 | 1.15 | 5.56 | 5.25 |
12 | 59 | 60.65 | 1.05 | 9.31 | 2.27 | 55 | 49.23 | 0.91 | 3.62 | 4.03 |
13 | 67 | 65.30 | 0.99 | 10.9 | 1.73 | 67 | 56.79 | 0.86 | 5.76 | 0.94 |
14 | 84 | 68.54 | 0.83 | 4.60 | 2.24 | 78 | 60.07 | 0.78 | 3.58 | 2.46 |
15 | 43 | 55.54 | 1.32 | 8.24 | 4.05 | 31 | 53.02 | 1.77 | 8.51 | 5.03 |
16 | 47 | 59.24 | 1.29 | 7.20 | 2.62 | 42 | 50.41 | 1.23 | 5.32 | 2.10 |
17 | 53 | 67.88 | 1.31 | 10.7 | 1.19 | 52 | 53.58 | 1.05 | 6.89 | 1.49 |
18 | 67 | 82.16 | 1.24 | 8.18 | 1.27 | 76 | 69.94 | 0.93 | 6.58 | 3.24 |
19 | 52 | 60.62 | 1.19 | 6.22 | 2.80 | 56 | 56.59 | 1.03 | 8.10 | 2.88 |
Total | 1092 | 1206.58 | 1.16 | 7.31 | 2.24 | 1171 | 1082.16 | 1.01 | 7.08 | 2.75 |
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Karn, A.; Diaz-Garcia, L.; Reshef, N.; Zou, C.; Manns, D.C.; Cadle-Davidson, L.; Mansfield, A.K.; Reisch, B.I.; Sacks, G.L. The Genetic Basis of Anthocyanin Acylation in North American Grapes (Vitis spp.). Genes 2021, 12, 1962. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12121962
Karn A, Diaz-Garcia L, Reshef N, Zou C, Manns DC, Cadle-Davidson L, Mansfield AK, Reisch BI, Sacks GL. The Genetic Basis of Anthocyanin Acylation in North American Grapes (Vitis spp.). Genes. 2021; 12(12):1962. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12121962
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarn, Avinash, Luis Diaz-Garcia, Noam Reshef, Cheng Zou, David C. Manns, Lance Cadle-Davidson, Anna Katharine Mansfield, Bruce I. Reisch, and Gavin L. Sacks. 2021. "The Genetic Basis of Anthocyanin Acylation in North American Grapes (Vitis spp.)" Genes 12, no. 12: 1962. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12121962