The APOE ε4 Allele Affects Cognitive Functions Differently in Carriers of APP Mutations Compared to Carriers of PSEN1 Mutations in Autosomal-Dominant Alzheimer’s Disease
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Examination and Diagnosis
2.3. APOE Genotyping
2.4. Years to Estimated Clinical Onset (YECO)
2.5. Cognitive Assessment
2.6. Ethical Approvement
2.7. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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APP | PSEN1 | p | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MC | NC | MC | NC | M | G | MxG | |
N (% females) | 28 (36) | 25 (44) | 12 (33) | 15 (47) | ns | ns | ns |
Age, years (Mean ± SD) | 47.9 ± 11.2 | 47.4 ± 9.9 | 36.2 ± 9.3 | 33.8 ± 11.1 | ns | *** | ns |
YECO (Mean ± SD) | −7.1 ± 11.0 | −7.5 ± 9.7 | −11.1 ± 10.9 | −8.2 ± 11.8 | ns | ns | ns |
Education, years (Mean ± SD) | 10.9 ± 2.5 | 10.8 ± 2.9 | 11.8 ± 3.0 | 10.6 ± 1.5 | ns | ns | ns |
APOE e4, % | 46 | 28 | 50 | 40 | ns | ns | ns |
Domain/Test | APP | PSEN1 | p | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MC | NC | MC | NC | M | G | MxG | Y | E | |
Verbal/Similarities | −1.18 ± 1.56 | −0.54 ± 0.92 | −0.28 ± 1.67 | −0.88 ± 0.98 | ns | ns | ns | * | ** |
Visuospatial/Block Design | −0.71 ± 1.79 | +0.05 ± 1.54 | +0.26 ± 2.33 | +0.73 ± 1.03 | * | ns | ns | *** | *** |
Episodic memory/RAVL | −1.29 ± 1.37 | −0.12 ± 0.83 | −0.41 ± 1.55 | +0.03 ± 1.13 | *** | ns | ns | *** | ** |
Executive/Digit Symbol | −0.73 ± 1.58 | +0.28 ± 0.99 | +0.35 ± 1.70 | +0.63 ± 1.08 | ** | * | ns | *** | *** |
Attention/TMT A | −1.14 ± 3.00 | +0.56 ± 2.08 | +0.05 ± 2.25 | +0.65 ± 0.78 | * | ns | ns | ** | ns |
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Almkvist, O.; Graff, C. The APOE ε4 Allele Affects Cognitive Functions Differently in Carriers of APP Mutations Compared to Carriers of PSEN1 Mutations in Autosomal-Dominant Alzheimer’s Disease. Genes 2021, 12, 1954. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12121954
Almkvist O, Graff C. The APOE ε4 Allele Affects Cognitive Functions Differently in Carriers of APP Mutations Compared to Carriers of PSEN1 Mutations in Autosomal-Dominant Alzheimer’s Disease. Genes. 2021; 12(12):1954. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12121954
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlmkvist, Ove, and Caroline Graff. 2021. "The APOE ε4 Allele Affects Cognitive Functions Differently in Carriers of APP Mutations Compared to Carriers of PSEN1 Mutations in Autosomal-Dominant Alzheimer’s Disease" Genes 12, no. 12: 1954. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12121954