Trefoil Factor Family Member 2 Expression as an Indicator of the Severity of the High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity
Abstract
:Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Albashir, A.A.D. The potential impacts of obesity on COVID-19. Clin. Med. 2020, 20, e109–e113. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Petrakis, D.; Margină, D.; Tsarouhas, K.; Tekos, F.; Stan, M.; Nikitovic, D.; Kouretas, D.; Spandidos, D.A.; Tsatsakis, A. Obesity—A risk factor for increased COVID-19 prevalence, severity and lethality (Review). Mol. Med. Rep. 2020, 22, 9–19. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ghanemi, A.; Yoshioka, M.; St-Amand, J. Will an obesity pandemic replace the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic? Med. Hypotheses 2020, 144, 110042. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ghanemi, A.; Yoshioka, M.; St-Amand, J. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Crisis: Losing Our Immunity When We Need It the Most. Biology 2021, 10, 545. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ghanemi, A.; Yoshioka, M.; St-Amand, J. Regeneration during Obesity: An Impaired Homeostasis. Animals 2020, 10, 2344. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zachariae, C.; Skov, L. Obesity as a risk factor for psoriasis. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 2020, 34, 915–916. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Mandviwala, T.; Khalid, U.; Deswal, A. Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: A Risk Factor or a Risk Marker? Curr. Atheroscler. Rep. 2016, 18, 21. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- De Pergola, G.; Silvestris, F. Obesity as a major risk factor for cancer. J. Obes. 2013, 2013, 291546. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ghanemi, A.; St-Amand, J. Redefining obesity toward classifying as a disease. Eur. J. Intern. Med. 2018, 55, 20–22. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Withrow, D.; Alter, D.A. The economic burden of obesity worldwide: A systematic review of the direct costs of obesity. Obes Rev. 2011, 12, 131–141. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tremmel, M.; Gerdtham, U.G.; Nilsson, P.M.; Saha, S. Economic Burden of Obesity: A Systematic Literature Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 435. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ghanemi, A.; Yoshioka, M.; St-Amand, J. Broken Energy Homeostasis and Obesity Pathogenesis: The Surrounding Concepts. J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7, 453. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Ghanemi, A.; Yoshioka, M.; St-Amand, J. Obesity as a Neuroendocrine Reprogramming. Medicina 2021, 57, 66. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hoffmann, W. Trefoil Factor Family (TFF) Peptides and Their Diverse Molecular Functions in Mucus Barrier Protection and More: Changing the Paradigm. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 4535. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Braga Emidio, N.; Hoffmann, W.; Brierley, S.M.; Muttenthaler, M. Trefoil Factor Family: Unresolved Questions and Clinical Perspectives. Trends Biochem. Sci. 2019, 44, 387–390. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hoffmann, W.; Jagla, W.; Wiede, A. Molecular medicine of TFF-peptides: From gut to brain. Histol. Histopathol. 2001, 16, 319–334. [Google Scholar]
- Taupin, D.; Podolsky, D.K. Trefoil factors: Initiators of mucosal healing. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2003, 4, 721–732. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ghanemi, A.; Yoshioka, M.; St-Amand, J. Trefoil Factor Family Member 2 (TFF2) as an Inflammatory-Induced and Anti-Inflammatory Tissue Repair Factor. Animals 2020, 10, 1646. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ghanemi, A.; Yoshioka, M.; St-Amand, J. High-Fat Diet-Induced Trefoil Factor Family Member 2 (TFF2) to Counteract the Immune-Mediated Damage in Mice. Animals 2021, 11, 258. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ge, Y.; Ma, G.; Liu, H.; Lin, Y.; Zhang, G.; Du, M.; Wang, M.; Chu, H.; Zhang, H.; Zhang, Z. MUC1 is associated with TFF2 methylation in gastric cancer. Clin. Epigenet. 2020, 12, 37. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ghanemi, A.; Melouane, A.; Yoshioka, M.; St-Amand, J. Exercise and High-Fat Diet in Obesity: Functional Genomics Perspectives of Two Energy Homeostasis Pillars. Genes 2020, 11, 875. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yoshioka, M.; Bolduc, C.; Raymond, V.; St-Amand, J. High-fat meal-induced changes in the duodenum mucosa transcriptome. Obesity 2008, 16, 2302–2307. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Mucunguzi, O.; Melouane, A.; Ghanemi, A.; Yoshioka, M.; Boivin, A.; Calvo, E.L.; St-Amand, J. Identification of the principal transcriptional regulators for low-fat and high-fat meal responsive genes in small intestine. Nutr. Metab. 2017, 14, 66. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- De Giorgio, M.R.; Yoshioka, M.; Riedl, I.; Moreault, O.; Cherizol, R.G.; Shah, A.A.; Blin, N.; Richard, D.; St-Amand, J. Trefoil factor family member 2 (Tff2) KO mice are protected from high-fat diet-induced obesity. Obesity 2013, 21, 1389–1395. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Judd, L.M.; Chalinor, H.V.; Walduck, A.; Pavlic, D.I.; Däbritz, J.; Dubeykovskaya, Z.; Wang, T.C.; Menheniott, T.R.; Giraud, A.S. TFF2 deficiency exacerbates weight loss and alters immune cell and cytokine profiles in DSS colitis, and this cannot be rescued by wild-type bone marrow. Am. J. Physiol Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 2015, 308, G12–G24. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ghanemi, A.; Melouane, A.; Mucunguzi, O.; Yoshioka, M.; St-Amand, J. Energy and metabolic pathways in trefoil factor family member 2 (Tff2) KO mice beyond the protection from high-fat diet-induced obesity. Life Sci. 2018, 215, 190–197. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ghanemi, A.; Yoshioka, M.; St-Amand, J. Trefoil Factor Family Member 2: From a High-Fat-Induced Gene to a Potential Obesity Therapy Target. Metabolites 2021, 11, 536. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Fan, Y.; Pedersen, O. Gut microbiota in human metabolic health and disease. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2021, 19, 55–71. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Karlsson, F.H.; Tremaroli, V.; Nookaew, I.; Bergström, G.; Behre, C.J.; Fagerberg, B.; Nielsen, J.; Bäckhed, F. Gut metagenome in European women with normal, impaired and diabetic glucose control. Nature 2013, 498, 99–103. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, H.; Tremaroli, V.; Schmidt, C.; Lundqvist, A.; Olsson, L.M.; Krämer, M.; Gummesson, A.; Perkins, R.; Bergström, G.; Bäckhed, F. The Gut Microbiota in Prediabetes and Diabetes: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Cell Metab. 2020, 32, 379–390.e373. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yu, Y.; Raka, F.; Adeli, K. The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism. J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 2227. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Festi, D.; Schiumerini, R.; Eusebi, L.H.; Marasco, G.; Taddia, M.; Colecchia, A. Gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome. World J. Gastroenterol. 2014, 20, 16079–16094. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bibbò, S.; Ianiro, G.; Giorgio, V.; Scaldaferri, F.; Masucci, L.; Gasbarrini, A.; Cammarota, G. The role of diet on gut microbiota composition. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 2016, 20, 4742–4749. [Google Scholar]
- Yin, J.; Li, Y.; Han, H.; Chen, S.; Gao, J.; Liu, G.; Wu, X.; Deng, J.; Yu, Q.; Huang, X.; et al. Melatonin reprogramming of gut microbiota improves lipid dysmetabolism in high-fat diet-fed mice. J. Pineal Res. 2018, 65, e12524. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bisanz, J.E.; Upadhyay, V.; Turnbaugh, J.A.; Ly, K.; Turnbaugh, P.J. Meta-Analysis Reveals Reproducible Gut Microbiome Alterations in Response to a High-Fat Diet. Cell Host Microbe 2019, 26, 265–272.e264. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Khoder, G.; Al-Yassir, F.; Al Menhali, A.; Saseedharan, P.; Sugathan, S.; Tomasetto, C.; Karam, S.M. Probiotics Upregulate Trefoil Factors and Downregulate Pepsinogen in the Mouse Stomach. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 3901. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ishibashi, Y.; Ohtsu, H.; Ikemura, M.; Kikuchi, Y.; Niwa, T.; Nishioka, K.; Uchida, Y.; Miura, H.; Aikou, S.; Gunji, T.; et al. Serum TFF1 and TFF3 but not TFF2 are higher in women with breast cancer than in women without breast cancer. Sci. Rep. 2017, 7, 4846. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hoffmann, W. TFF2, a MUC6-binding lectin stabilizing the gastric mucus barrier and more (Review). Int. J. Oncol. 2015, 47, 806–816. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- May, F.E.; Semple, J.I.; Newton, J.L.; Westley, B.R. The human two domain trefoil protein, TFF2, is glycosylated in vivo in the stomach. Gut 2000, 46, 454–459. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Cook, G.A.; Familari, M.; Thim, L.; Giraud, A.S. The trefoil peptides TFF2 and TFF3 are expressed in rat lymphoid tissues and participate in the immune response. FEBS Lett. 1999, 456, 155–159. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ghanemi, A.; Yoshioka, M.; St-Amand, J. Obese Animals as Models for Numerous Diseases: Advantages and Applications. Medicina 2021, 57, 399. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Melouane, A.; Ghanemi, A.; Yoshioka, M.; St-Amand, J. Functional genomics applications and therapeutic implications in sarcopenia. Mutat Res. Rev. Mutat Res. 2019, 781, 175–185. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Melouane, A.; Ghanemi, A.; Aubé, S.; Yoshioka, M.; St-Amand, J. Differential gene expression analysis in ageing muscle and drug discovery perspectives. Ageing Res. Rev. 2018, 41, 53–63. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Ghanemi, A.; Yoshioka, M.; St-Amand, J. Trefoil Factor Family Member 2 Expression as an Indicator of the Severity of the High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. Genes 2021, 12, 1505. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12101505
Ghanemi A, Yoshioka M, St-Amand J. Trefoil Factor Family Member 2 Expression as an Indicator of the Severity of the High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. Genes. 2021; 12(10):1505. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12101505
Chicago/Turabian StyleGhanemi, Abdelaziz, Mayumi Yoshioka, and Jonny St-Amand. 2021. "Trefoil Factor Family Member 2 Expression as an Indicator of the Severity of the High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity" Genes 12, no. 10: 1505. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12101505
APA StyleGhanemi, A., Yoshioka, M., & St-Amand, J. (2021). Trefoil Factor Family Member 2 Expression as an Indicator of the Severity of the High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. Genes, 12(10), 1505. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12101505