MicroRNA in Pancreatic Cancer: From Biology to Therapeutic Potential
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Biogenesis of microRNA and Its Functions
3. microRNA in Pancreatic Cancer
4. Role of miRNAs in Cell Cycle and Cell Proliferation
5. Role of miRNAs in Downregulation of Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer
6. Role of miRNAs in Pancreatic Cancer Invasion and Metastasis
7. Role of miRNAs in Signaling Pathways
7.1. KRAS Signaling Pathway
7.2. AKT Signaling Pathway
7.3. JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway
7.4. WNT/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway
7.5. TGF-β Signaling Pathway
8. Role of miRNAs in Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis
9. Role of miRNAs in Prognosis
10. Role of miRNAs as Potential Therapeutic Targets
11. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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miRNA/s | Sample Type/Site of Action | Regulation | Target (-ve)/(+ve) | Implication | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
miR-196, miR-200a, miR-27a, and miR-21 | PDAC tissue/adjacent normal pancreatic tissue | Up | 51↑ | [38] | |
miR-200, miR-96, and miR-217 | Down | 107↓ | |||
miR-136, miR-196, miR-492, miR-64, and miR-622 | PDAC vs. healthy pancreatic duct tissue | Differential | 43↑ | [39] | |
41↓ | |||||
miR-21 and miR-155 | PDAC vs. healthy pancreatic duct tissue | Differential | Cancer progression↑ | [40] | |
miR-222, miR-21, miR-210, miR-221 and miR-155 | PDAC vs. healthy pancreatic duct large sample size | Up | 43↑ | [41] | |
miR-146, miR-245, miR-122, and miR-31 | Down | 41↓ | [41] | ||
miR-155, miR-221, miR-21 | PDAC vs. healthy pancreatic duct tissue | Up | Common to most studies | [38,39,41,42] | |
miR-34 and miR-145 | PDAC vs. healthy pancreatic duct tissue | Down | |||
miR-18a, miR-21, miR-22, miR-24, miR-25, miR-99a, miR-155, miR-185, miR-191, miR-196a, miR-642b and miR-885-5p | Blood of PDAC patients | Up | Chronic inflamation↑ | [43,44] | |
miR-2 | Serum of PDAC patients | Up | |||
miR-155, miR-146a, miR-142-5p and miR-142-3p | Neuroendocrine tumors/adjacent normal pancreatic tissue | Up | [45] | ||
miR-150 | Various cancer samples | Down | MUC4 (-ve) | Tumor growth↑ Malignancy↑ | [6,47] |
miR-21 | Various cancer samples | Up | PTEN (-ve) | Oncogenic/poor survival patients | [48] |
miR-221 | Various cancer samples | Up | CDK N1B (-ve) | Oncogenic | [49,50] |
miR-424-5p | Various cancer samples | Up | SOCS6 (-ve) | Oncogenic | [52] |
miR-27a | Various cancer samples | Up | Spry 2 (-ve) | Oncogenic | [53] |
miR-124 | Various cancer samples | Down | Rac1 (-ve) | Oncogenic/poor survival patients | [54] |
miR-143 | Metastatic pancreatic cancer; microarray analysis | Down | GEF1, GEF2, K-RAS, MMP-2, and MMP-1 (-ve) | Invasive potential↑ EMT↑ | [57] |
miR-143, let-7-d, and miR-126 | Various cancer samples | KRAS oncogene | Abnormal cellular proliferation↑ | [51,57,58] | |
miR-26a, miR-223 | Various cancer samples | Cyclin E2 | Abnormal cellular proliferation↑ | [59,60] | |
miR-148a | Various cancer samples | Up | CDC25B (-ve) | Malignancy↓ | [61] |
miR-34a | Various cancer samples | Down | Bcl-2, Notch 1 and Notch 2 (-ve) | Tumor growth↑ Malignancy↑ | [57,62] |
miR-155 | Various cancer samples | Up | p53 (TP53INP1) (-ve) | Abnormal cellular proliferation↓ | [63] |
miR-203 | Various cancer samples | Down | Survivin (-ve) | Rampant tumor growth↑ EMT↑ | [64] |
miR-23a | Various cancer samples | Down | APAF1 | caspase-9 with cytochrome c Apoptosis↑ | [65,66] |
miR-630, miR-150 | Various cancer samples | Up | IGF-1R (-ve) | Apoptosis↑ | [67] |
miR-196a, miR-214 | Various cancer samples | Down | ING4 and ING5 | TP53↓ Tumor growth↑ | [68,69] |
miR-24 | Various cancer samples | Up | B1M (-ve) | Tumor growth↓ Malignancy↓ | [70] |
miR-200 family (miR-141, miR-429, miR-200a, miR-200b, and miR-200c) | Various metastatic cancer samples | Up/Down | Metastasis↕ | [51,71,72,73] | |
miR-208 | Metastatic cell lines | UP | Metastasis↑ | [74,75] | |
miR-10a | Metastatic cell lines | Down | homeobox transcription factors (HOX B1, HOX B2, and HOX A1) (-ve) | [76,77] | |
miR-100 | Metastatic cell lines | Up | [78] | ||
miR-34b | Metastatic adenocarcinoma cells | Down | Smad 3 (-ve) | EMT↑ | [79] |
miR-194, miR-429, miR-200b and miR-200c | Metastatic adenocarcinoma cells | Up | EP 300 (-ve) | EMT↑ | [80] |
miR-126 | PDAC progressive samples with metastasis | Down | ADAM9 (-ve) | Invasive potential↑ EMT↑ | [81] |
miR-146a | Metastatic pancreatic cancer; microarray analysis | Down | IRAK-1, EGFR, and MTA-2 (-ve) | Invasive potential↑ | [82] |
miR-218 | Metastatic pancreatic cancer; microarray analysis | Down | Progression and metastasis | [83,84] | |
miR-4295 | Pancreatic cancer cells | Down | GPC5↑ | proliferation and invasion↑ | [85] |
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Rawat, M.; Kadian, K.; Gupta, Y.; Kumar, A.; Chain, P.S.G.; Kovbasnjuk, O.; Kumar, S.; Parasher, G. MicroRNA in Pancreatic Cancer: From Biology to Therapeutic Potential. Genes 2019, 10, 752. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes10100752
Rawat M, Kadian K, Gupta Y, Kumar A, Chain PSG, Kovbasnjuk O, Kumar S, Parasher G. MicroRNA in Pancreatic Cancer: From Biology to Therapeutic Potential. Genes. 2019; 10(10):752. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes10100752
Chicago/Turabian StyleRawat, Manmeet, Kavita Kadian, Yash Gupta, Anand Kumar, Patrick S.G. Chain, Olga Kovbasnjuk, Suneel Kumar, and Gulshan Parasher. 2019. "MicroRNA in Pancreatic Cancer: From Biology to Therapeutic Potential" Genes 10, no. 10: 752. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes10100752