Mesenchymal and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: The New Frontier for Regenerative Medicine?
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Stem Cells
3. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine
4. Stem Cells Drawbacks in Regenerative Medicine
5. Extracellular Vesicles (EVs)
6. Extracellular Vesicles Composition
7. Extracellular Vesicles-Based Regenerative Medicine
8. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived EVs in Regenerative Medicine
9. EVs as a Cargo Delivery System
10. EVs Functionalized Scaffolds in Regenerative Medicine
11. Vantages and Disadvantages in the Use of Stem Cell-EV Based Therapies
12. Conclusions and Future Perspective in EV-Based Therapies in Regenerative Medicine
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Property | Exosomes | Membrane Vesicles | Apoptotic Bodies |
---|---|---|---|
Size | 30–120 nm | 100–1000 nm | 50–4000 nm |
Morphology | Homogenous cup-shape | Heterogeneous irregular | Heterogeneous irregular |
Buoyant density | 1.13–1.19 g/cm3 | Not well defined | 1.16–1.28 g/cm3 |
Origin | Endosomal | Plasma membrane | Apoptotic cells |
Proteins | CD63, CD81, CD9, annexins, heat-shock proteins, Alix, Tsg101, clathrin, caveolins, integrins, TfRs | Integrins, flotillins, selectins, CD40, metalloproteinases | Histones |
Lipids | Lysobisphosphatidic acid, cholesterol, ceramide, sphingomyelin and low concentration of phosphatidylserine | High amount of cholesterol, sphingomyelin, ceramide, high concentration of phosphatidylserine | High concentration of phosphatidylserine |
Nucleic Acids | mRNA, lncRNAs and miRNAs | mRNA, lncRNAs and miRNAs | mRNA, miRNA, fragments of DNA |
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Barreca, M.M.; Cancemi, P.; Geraci, F. Mesenchymal and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: The New Frontier for Regenerative Medicine? Cells 2020, 9, 1163. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9051163
Barreca MM, Cancemi P, Geraci F. Mesenchymal and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: The New Frontier for Regenerative Medicine? Cells. 2020; 9(5):1163. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9051163
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarreca, Maria Magdalena, Patrizia Cancemi, and Fabiana Geraci. 2020. "Mesenchymal and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: The New Frontier for Regenerative Medicine?" Cells 9, no. 5: 1163. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9051163
APA StyleBarreca, M. M., Cancemi, P., & Geraci, F. (2020). Mesenchymal and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: The New Frontier for Regenerative Medicine? Cells, 9(5), 1163. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9051163