Osteopontin as a Link between Inflammation and Cancer: The Thorax in the Spotlight
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Review
3.1. Physiology of Osteopontin in Humans and Experimental Animals
3.1.1. Osteopontin Genes, Transcripts, and Proteins
3.1.2. Tissue-Restricted Patterns of Osteopontin Expression and Processing
3.1.3. Regulation of Osteopontin Expression
3.1.4. Osteopontin as a Matricellular Component
3.1.5. Osteopontin as a Secreted Protein
3.1.6. Osteopontin as an Intracellular Molecule
3.1.7. Osteopontin in Non-Malignant Diseases
3.2. Osteopontin Signaling in Inflammation
3.2.1. Inflammatory Signaling Pathways Initiated by Osteopontin
3.2.2. Chronic Lung Diseases and Osteopontin
3.3. Impact of Osteopontin on Cancer Development and Progression
3.3.1. Impact of Osteopontin on Thoracic Cancers
3.3.2. Osteopontin in Lung Cancer
3.3.3. Malignant Pleural Effusion Promotion by Osteopontin
3.3.4. Osteopontin as a Pro-Metastatic Molecule
3.4. Potential Clinical Implications for Osteopontin in Cancer
3.4.1. Osteopontin as a Biomarker
3.4.2. Osteopontin as a Therapeutic Target
3.4.3. Tools for Future Research on Osteopontin
4. Conclusions and Outlook
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Molecule | Activation | Inhibition |
---|---|---|
Transcription factors | c-Myb [48] | Smad4 [47] |
ERG [49] | ||
AML-1 [44] | ||
C/EBPα [44] | ||
SP-1 [45] CBFA1 [50] NF-κB [51] | ||
Hormones | 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [52] Incretins [53] | |
Inflammatory mediators | INFγ 1 [54] | INFγ 1 [52] |
TNFα [54] | INFβ [55] | |
IL-6 1 [54] | PGE2 [56] | |
TGFβ [54] | ||
IL-17a [54] | ||
Other | Inorganic phosphate [57] VHL [46] | |
Glucose [53] |
Cancer Type | Patient Number | Cut-off | Overall Survival in Months | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low SPP1 Expression | High SPP1 Expression | Log-rank P Value | SPP1 Effect on Overall Survival | |||
Bladder 1 | 405 | 929 | 46 | 30 | 5. 80 × 10−2 | ↘ |
Breast 2 | 3951 | 3485 | 217 | 163 | 1. 00 × 10−16 | ↘ |
Cervical 1 | 304 | 788 | NA | NA | 9. 50 × 10−4 | ↘ |
Esophageal 3 | 161 | 1911 | 45 | 23 | 6. 30 × 10−2 | ↘ |
Gastric | 876 | 2289 | 31 | 27 | 2. 90 × 10−1 | ↘ |
Head and neck 1 | 500 | 5017 | 59 | 31 | 1. 00 × 10−2 | ↘ |
Kidney renal 1 | 530 | 42,547 | 118 | 77 | 1. 10 × 10−1 | ↘ |
Kidney renal papillary cell 3 | 288 | 140,810 | 87 | 50 | 1. 80 × 10−1 | ↘ |
Liver | 364 | 5242 | 84 | 28 | 3. 50 × 10−6 | ↘ |
Lung 2 | 1926 | 4151 | 102 | 57 | 5. 30 × 10−10 | ↘ |
Lung adenocarcinoma | 720 | 4305 | 136 | 75 | 1. 30 × 10−7 | ↘ |
Lung squamous-cell carcinoma | 524 | 14,780 | 64 | 33 | 3. 70 × 10−2 | ↘ |
Ovarian | 1435 | 8960 | 23 | 18 | 7. 70 × 10−7 | ↘ |
Pancreatic ductal 4 | 177 | 5866 | 73 | 18 | 5. 90 × 10−4 | ↘ |
Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma | 178 | 223 | NA | NA | 4. 80 × 10−1 | = |
Rectum 4 | 165 | 2620 | 52 | 37 | 2. 10 × 10−2 | ↘ |
Sarcoma | 259 | 516 | 87 | 62 | 5. 40 × 10−2 | ↘ |
Testicular Germ Cell | 134 | 470 | NA | NA | 2. 20 × 10−1 | = |
Thymoma | 119 | 208 | NA | NA | 6. 70 × 10−2 | ↘ |
Thyroid 3 | 502 | 308 | NA | NA | 3. 50 × 10−1 | = |
Uterine 3 | 405 | 929 | 104 | 52 | 2. 20 × 10−1 | ↘ |
Organism | Mutation | Isoform | Tag | Name |
---|---|---|---|---|
Human | OPN-a | pDONR223_SPP1_WT_V5 [157] | ||
OPN-a | GST | pGEX-6P1-OPNa-delta S [21] | ||
OPN-a | pCR3. 1-OPNa [21] | |||
OPN-b | pCR3. 1-OPNb [21] | |||
OPN-b | GST | pGEX-6P1-OPNb-delta S [21] | ||
OPN-c | GST | pGEX-6P1-OPNc-delta S [21] | ||
OPN-c | pCR3. 1-OPNc [21] | |||
Base pairs 49–942 | OPN-a | flag | pDest490-OPN-a [158] | |
Base pairs 1–175, 217–942 | OPN-b | flag | pDest490-OPN-b [158] | |
EEKQ-->AAAA | OPN-c | pCR3. 1-OPNc M1 [159] | ||
EEKQNAV-->AAAAAAA | OPN-c | pCR3. 1-OPNc M3 [159] | ||
EEKQNA-->EEKNA | OPN-c | pCR3. 1-OPNc M4 [159] | ||
EEKQNA-->EEKQANA | OPN-c | pCR3. 1-OPNc M5 [159] | ||
SGSSEEKQNAVSSEET-->AGAAEEKQNAVAAEEA | OPN-c | pCR3. 1-OPNc PSM1 [159] | ||
SGSSEEKQNAVSSEET-->AGAAEEKQNAVSSEET | OPN-c | pCR3. 1-OPNc PSM2 [159] | ||
SGSSEEKQNAVSSEET-->SGSSEEKQNAVAAEEA | OPN-c | pCR3. 1-OPNc PSM3 [159] | ||
SGSSEEKQNAVSSEET-->SGAAEEKQNAVSSEET | OPN-c | pCR3. 1-OPNc PSM4 [159] | ||
SGSSEEKQNAVSSEET-->SGSSEEKQNAVAAEET | OPN-c | pCR3. 1-OPNc PSM5 [159] | ||
Base pairs 1–93, 175–942 | OPN-c | pDest490-OPN-c [158] | ||
Base pairs 499–630 | flag | pDest490-OPN-10 kDa [158] | ||
Base pairs 49–498 | flag | pDest490-OPN-NT [158] | ||
Base pairs 631–942 | flag | pDest490-OPN-CT [158] | ||
Mouse | opn-1 | mOPN-pcDNA [160] | ||
opn-1 | mOPN-PB0 [160] | |||
opn-2 | EGFP | pSpp1-is2 [123] | ||
opn-3 | EGFP | pSpp1-is3 [123] | ||
antisense | as-mOPN-PB0 [160] |
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Lamort, A.-S.; Giopanou, I.; Psallidas, I.; Stathopoulos, G.T. Osteopontin as a Link between Inflammation and Cancer: The Thorax in the Spotlight. Cells 2019, 8, 815. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8080815
Lamort A-S, Giopanou I, Psallidas I, Stathopoulos GT. Osteopontin as a Link between Inflammation and Cancer: The Thorax in the Spotlight. Cells. 2019; 8(8):815. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8080815
Chicago/Turabian StyleLamort, Anne-Sophie, Ioanna Giopanou, Ioannis Psallidas, and Georgios T. Stathopoulos. 2019. "Osteopontin as a Link between Inflammation and Cancer: The Thorax in the Spotlight" Cells 8, no. 8: 815. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8080815