Impact of Secondhand Smoke and E-Cigarette Exposure on Placental Apoptotic and Growth-Regulatory Proteins in Mouse Pregnancy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Animal and Tissue Preparation
2.2. Apoptotic Molecular Analyses
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Pro-Apoptotic Markers (BAD, Cytochrome c, and FAS/FASL)
3.2. Anti-Apoptotic Markers (BCL-2, cIAP-2, HSP27, HSP70, Survivin, and XIAP)
3.3. IGFBP Family and Growth Regulation
3.4. Cell Cycle and Growth Inhibition Markers (p27 and IGF-1)
4. Discussion
4.1. Pro-Apoptotic Markers
4.2. Anti-Apoptotic Markers
4.3. IGFBP Family and Growth Regulation
4.4. Cell Cycle and Growth Inhibition Markers
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Beck, L.; Kirkham, M.N.; Shin, M.; Bikman, B.T.; Reynolds, P.R.; Arroyo, J.A. Impact of Secondhand Smoke and E-Cigarette Exposure on Placental Apoptotic and Growth-Regulatory Proteins in Mouse Pregnancy. Cells 2025, 14, 453. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14060453
Beck L, Kirkham MN, Shin M, Bikman BT, Reynolds PR, Arroyo JA. Impact of Secondhand Smoke and E-Cigarette Exposure on Placental Apoptotic and Growth-Regulatory Proteins in Mouse Pregnancy. Cells. 2025; 14(6):453. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14060453
Chicago/Turabian StyleBeck, Logan, Madison N. Kirkham, Marley Shin, Benjamin T. Bikman, Paul R. Reynolds, and Juan A. Arroyo. 2025. "Impact of Secondhand Smoke and E-Cigarette Exposure on Placental Apoptotic and Growth-Regulatory Proteins in Mouse Pregnancy" Cells 14, no. 6: 453. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14060453
APA StyleBeck, L., Kirkham, M. N., Shin, M., Bikman, B. T., Reynolds, P. R., & Arroyo, J. A. (2025). Impact of Secondhand Smoke and E-Cigarette Exposure on Placental Apoptotic and Growth-Regulatory Proteins in Mouse Pregnancy. Cells, 14(6), 453. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14060453