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Cells
Volume 14
Issue 12
10.3390/cells14120896
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Alterations of JNK Signaling Pathway Activity in the Rat Retina: Effects of Age, Age-Related Macular Degeneration-like Pathology, and a JNK Inhibitor (IQ-1S)

by
Natalia A. Muraleva
1,*,
Dmitry I. Tikhonov
2,
Anna A. Zhdankina
2,
Mark B. Plotnikov
3,4,
Andrei I. Khlebnikov
5,
Sergey V. Logvinov
2 and
Nataliya G. Kolosova
1
1
Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, 10 Pr. Akad. Lavrentieva, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
2
Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634055, Russia
3
Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk NRMC, 3 Lenin Ave., Tomsk 634028, Russia
4
Radoiphysical Faculty, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
5
Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Ave, Tomsk 634050, Russia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cells 2025, 14(12), 896; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14120896 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 15 April 2025 / Revised: 30 May 2025 / Accepted: 12 June 2025 / Published: 13 June 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Inflammation in AMD (Multifactorial Age-Related Macular Degeneration)—Volume II)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible visual impairment worldwide. AMD development is associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and a progressive proteostasis imbalance, in whose regulation, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) play a crucial role. JNK inhibition is being discussed as a new way to prevent and treat AMD, but there are no data on JNK signaling in the retina and its changes with age and with AMD development. Here, for the first time, we assessed JNK-signaling activity in the retina and did not detect its age-related changes in healthy Wistar rats. By contrast, manifestation and progression of the AMD-like pathology in OXYS rats occurred simultaneously with JNK pathway activation. We also confirmed that selective JNK3 inhibitor 11H-indeno[1,2-b] quinoxalin-11-one oxime sodium salt (IQ-1S) can suppress neurodegenerative changes in the OXYS rat retina. Its effects were prevention of the destructive changes in retinal synapses and the suppression of the JNK signaling pathway activity during active progression of AMD signs in OXYS rats.
Keywords: age; retina; age-related macular degeneration; JNK signaling; synapses; JNK inhibitor; IQ-1S; OXYS rats age; retina; age-related macular degeneration; JNK signaling; synapses; JNK inhibitor; IQ-1S; OXYS rats

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MDPI and ACS Style

Muraleva, N.A.; Tikhonov, D.I.; Zhdankina, A.A.; Plotnikov, M.B.; Khlebnikov, A.I.; Logvinov, S.V.; Kolosova, N.G. Alterations of JNK Signaling Pathway Activity in the Rat Retina: Effects of Age, Age-Related Macular Degeneration-like Pathology, and a JNK Inhibitor (IQ-1S). Cells 2025, 14, 896. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14120896

AMA Style

Muraleva NA, Tikhonov DI, Zhdankina AA, Plotnikov MB, Khlebnikov AI, Logvinov SV, Kolosova NG. Alterations of JNK Signaling Pathway Activity in the Rat Retina: Effects of Age, Age-Related Macular Degeneration-like Pathology, and a JNK Inhibitor (IQ-1S). Cells. 2025; 14(12):896. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14120896

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muraleva, Natalia A., Dmitry I. Tikhonov, Anna A. Zhdankina, Mark B. Plotnikov, Andrei I. Khlebnikov, Sergey V. Logvinov, and Nataliya G. Kolosova. 2025. "Alterations of JNK Signaling Pathway Activity in the Rat Retina: Effects of Age, Age-Related Macular Degeneration-like Pathology, and a JNK Inhibitor (IQ-1S)" Cells 14, no. 12: 896. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14120896

APA Style

Muraleva, N. A., Tikhonov, D. I., Zhdankina, A. A., Plotnikov, M. B., Khlebnikov, A. I., Logvinov, S. V., & Kolosova, N. G. (2025). Alterations of JNK Signaling Pathway Activity in the Rat Retina: Effects of Age, Age-Related Macular Degeneration-like Pathology, and a JNK Inhibitor (IQ-1S). Cells, 14(12), 896. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14120896

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