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Cells
Volume 14
Issue 12
10.3390/cells14120864
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

The Pro-Angiogenic Potential of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells and Dental Pulp Stem Cells: A Comparative Analysis

by
Ilaria Roato
1,†,
Clarissa Orrico
1,2,†,
Sara Meinardi
3,
Riccardo Pedraza
1,2,4,
Alessandro Mosca Balma
1,
Giacomo Baima
5,
Tullio Genova
3,
Mario Aimetti
5,‡ and
Federico Mussano
1,*,‡
1
Bone and Dental Bioengineering Laboratory, CIR Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy
2
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
3
Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy
4
Institute of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Energy and Mobility, National Council of Research, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Turin, Italy
5
Periodontology Department, CIR Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
‡
These authors also contributed equally to this work.
Cells 2025, 14(12), 864; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14120864 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 28 April 2025 / Revised: 3 June 2025 / Accepted: 5 June 2025 / Published: 8 June 2025
Versions Notes

Abstract

The role of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in stimulating angiogenesis has been reported, but their angiogenetic potential has not been directly compared. In this work, paired PDLSCs and DPSCs, i.e., derived from the same donor, were tested for their immunophenotype and multi-differentiation capabilities, with particular emphasis on their pro-angiogenic activity. Flow cytometry was utilized to study the expression of mesenchymal stem cell, pericyte, and endothelial markers, while gene expression was evaluated through real-time PCR. The angiogenic potential was assessed recurring to tubulogenesis assay, co-cultures with Human Microvascular Endothelial Cell (HMEC-1), and VEGF-A quantification. The immunophenotype of DPSCs and PDLSCs was different in CD146+ and CD31+ cell subsets, but both cell types promoted HMEC-1 tubulogenesis in vitro. Consistently, VEGF-A gene expression level and its quantification in cell-conditioned media of PDLSCs and DPSCs was comparable between them, and both promoted the formation of vessel-like structures, when co-cultured with HMEC-1 cells. All together, these results showed the heterogeneity of PDLSCs and DPSCs, which are constituted of different cellular subsets, likely modulated by the microenvironmental cues. PDLSCs and DPSCs showed comparable pro-angiogenic activity, enhanced by the contemporary expression of angiogenic and chemotactic factors.
Keywords: periodontal ligament stem cell; dental pulp stem cell; angiogenesis periodontal ligament stem cell; dental pulp stem cell; angiogenesis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Roato, I.; Orrico, C.; Meinardi, S.; Pedraza, R.; Mosca Balma, A.; Baima, G.; Genova, T.; Aimetti, M.; Mussano, F. The Pro-Angiogenic Potential of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells and Dental Pulp Stem Cells: A Comparative Analysis. Cells 2025, 14, 864. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14120864

AMA Style

Roato I, Orrico C, Meinardi S, Pedraza R, Mosca Balma A, Baima G, Genova T, Aimetti M, Mussano F. The Pro-Angiogenic Potential of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells and Dental Pulp Stem Cells: A Comparative Analysis. Cells. 2025; 14(12):864. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14120864

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roato, Ilaria, Clarissa Orrico, Sara Meinardi, Riccardo Pedraza, Alessandro Mosca Balma, Giacomo Baima, Tullio Genova, Mario Aimetti, and Federico Mussano. 2025. "The Pro-Angiogenic Potential of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells and Dental Pulp Stem Cells: A Comparative Analysis" Cells 14, no. 12: 864. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14120864

APA Style

Roato, I., Orrico, C., Meinardi, S., Pedraza, R., Mosca Balma, A., Baima, G., Genova, T., Aimetti, M., & Mussano, F. (2025). The Pro-Angiogenic Potential of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells and Dental Pulp Stem Cells: A Comparative Analysis. Cells, 14(12), 864. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14120864

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