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Review

Molecular Mechanisms in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

by
Hernando Vargas-Uricoechea
Metabolic Diseases Study Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad del Cauca, Carrera 6 Nº 13N-50, Popayán 190001, Colombia
Cells 2023, 12(6), 918; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12060918
Submission received: 28 February 2023 / Revised: 14 March 2023 / Accepted: 15 March 2023 / Published: 16 March 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Autoimmune Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapies)

Abstract

The most common cause of acquired thyroid dysfunction is autoimmune thyroid disease, which is an organ-specific autoimmune disease with two presentation phenotypes: hyperthyroidism (Graves-Basedow disease) and hypothyroidism (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis). Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is distinguished by the presence of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin. Meanwhile, autoantibodies against the TSH receptor have been found in Graves-Basedow disease. Numerous susceptibility genes, as well as epigenetic and environmental factors, contribute to the pathogenesis of both diseases. This review summarizes the most common genetic, epigenetic, and environmental mechanisms involved in autoimmune thyroid disease.
Keywords: thyroid; autoimmunity; Graves-Basedow; Hashimoto; pathogenesis; genetic; environmental; epigenetic thyroid; autoimmunity; Graves-Basedow; Hashimoto; pathogenesis; genetic; environmental; epigenetic

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MDPI and ACS Style

Vargas-Uricoechea, H. Molecular Mechanisms in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease. Cells 2023, 12, 918. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12060918

AMA Style

Vargas-Uricoechea H. Molecular Mechanisms in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease. Cells. 2023; 12(6):918. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12060918

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vargas-Uricoechea, Hernando. 2023. "Molecular Mechanisms in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease" Cells 12, no. 6: 918. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12060918

APA Style

Vargas-Uricoechea, H. (2023). Molecular Mechanisms in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease. Cells, 12(6), 918. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12060918

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