Endothelial Specific Deletion of Autotaxin Improves Stroke Outcomes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ischemic Stroke Model (MCAO Model)
2.2. Generation of Inducible Endothelial-Specific ATX Knockout Mice (ERT2 ATX−/−)
2.3. Tamoxifen Treatment
2.4. ATX Activity Measurement
2.5. Evans Blue Permeability Measurement
2.6. Cresyl Violet Staining
2.7. PCR Genotyping
2.8. ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay)
2.9. Immunostaining
2.10. Laser Speckle Imaging
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Generation and Genotyping of Inducible Endothelial ATX Knockout Mice (ERT2 ATX−/−)
3.2. Inducible Inactivation of ATX in Adult Mice
3.3. Reduction in LPA Concentration in ERT2 ATX−/− following I/R
3.4. ATX Concentration and Activity Reduced in ERT2 ATX−/− following I/R
3.5. Infarct Size Reduced with Endothelial-Specific Deletion of ATX
3.6. Improved Stroke Functional Outcomes in ERT2 ATX−/− Mice
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bhattarai, S.; Subedi, U.; Manikandan, S.; Sharma, S.; Sharma, P.; Miller, C.; Bhuiyan, M.S.; Kidambi, S.; Aidinis, V.; Sun, H.; et al. Endothelial Specific Deletion of Autotaxin Improves Stroke Outcomes. Cells 2023, 12, 511. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12030511
Bhattarai S, Subedi U, Manikandan S, Sharma S, Sharma P, Miller C, Bhuiyan MS, Kidambi S, Aidinis V, Sun H, et al. Endothelial Specific Deletion of Autotaxin Improves Stroke Outcomes. Cells. 2023; 12(3):511. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12030511
Chicago/Turabian StyleBhattarai, Susmita, Utsab Subedi, Shrivats Manikandan, Sudha Sharma, Papori Sharma, Chloe Miller, Md Shenuarin Bhuiyan, Srivatsan Kidambi, Vassilis Aidinis, Hong Sun, and et al. 2023. "Endothelial Specific Deletion of Autotaxin Improves Stroke Outcomes" Cells 12, no. 3: 511. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12030511