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Article

Revisiting the Non-Coding Nature of Pospiviroids

by
Konstantina Katsarou
1,2,*,
Charith Raj Adkar-Purushothama
3,
Emilios Tassios
1,4,
Martina Samiotaki
4,
Christos Andronis
2,
Purificación Lisón
5,
Christoforos Nikolaou
1,2,4,
Jean-Pierre Perreault
3 and
Kriton Kalantidis
1,2,*
1
Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
2
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
3
RNA Group/Groupe ARN, Département de Biochimie, Faculté de Médecine des Sciences de la Santé, Pavillon de Recherche Appliquée au Cancer, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada
4
Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Institute for Bioinnovation, 16672 Vari, Greece
5
Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI) 8 E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46011 Valencia, Spain
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cells 2022, 11(2), 265; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11020265
Submission received: 8 December 2021 / Revised: 5 January 2022 / Accepted: 7 January 2022 / Published: 13 January 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celebrating 50 Years of Viroid Discovery)
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Abstract

Viroids are small, circular, highly structured pathogens that infect a broad range of plants, causing economic losses. Since their discovery in the 1970s, they have been considered as non-coding pathogens. In the last few years, the discovery of other RNA entities, similar in terms of size and structure, that were shown to be translated (e.g., cirRNAs, precursors of miRNA, RNA satellites) as well as studies showing that some viroids are located in ribosomes, have reignited the idea that viroids may be translated. In this study, we used advanced bioinformatic analysis, in vitro experiments and LC-MS/MS to search for small viroid peptides of the PSTVd. Our results suggest that in our experimental conditions, even though the circular form of PSTVd is found in ribosomes, no produced peptides were identified. This indicates that the presence of PSTVd in ribosomes is most probably not related to peptide production but rather to another unknown function that requires further study.
Keywords: viroid; translation; non-coding RNA; cirRNA; mass spectrometry; PSTVd viroid; translation; non-coding RNA; cirRNA; mass spectrometry; PSTVd

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MDPI and ACS Style

Katsarou, K.; Adkar-Purushothama, C.R.; Tassios, E.; Samiotaki, M.; Andronis, C.; Lisón, P.; Nikolaou, C.; Perreault, J.-P.; Kalantidis, K. Revisiting the Non-Coding Nature of Pospiviroids. Cells 2022, 11, 265. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11020265

AMA Style

Katsarou K, Adkar-Purushothama CR, Tassios E, Samiotaki M, Andronis C, Lisón P, Nikolaou C, Perreault J-P, Kalantidis K. Revisiting the Non-Coding Nature of Pospiviroids. Cells. 2022; 11(2):265. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11020265

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katsarou, Konstantina, Charith Raj Adkar-Purushothama, Emilios Tassios, Martina Samiotaki, Christos Andronis, Purificación Lisón, Christoforos Nikolaou, Jean-Pierre Perreault, and Kriton Kalantidis. 2022. "Revisiting the Non-Coding Nature of Pospiviroids" Cells 11, no. 2: 265. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11020265

APA Style

Katsarou, K., Adkar-Purushothama, C. R., Tassios, E., Samiotaki, M., Andronis, C., Lisón, P., Nikolaou, C., Perreault, J.-P., & Kalantidis, K. (2022). Revisiting the Non-Coding Nature of Pospiviroids. Cells, 11(2), 265. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11020265

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