Future Directions in the Treatment of Osteosarcoma
1
Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, 203 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
2
Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic R3 Main Campus, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
3
Orthopedic Oncology Services, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, HBNI, Mumbai 400012, India
4
The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cells 2021, 10(1), 172; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10010172
Received: 12 December 2020 / Revised: 11 January 2021 / Accepted: 13 January 2021 / Published: 15 January 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Advances and Therapy of Human Osteosarcoma)
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone sarcoma and is often diagnosed in the 2nd–3rd decades of life. Response to the aggressive and highly toxic neoadjuvant methotrexate-doxorubicin-cisplatin (MAP) chemotherapy schedule is strongly predictive of outcome. Outcomes for patients with osteosarcoma have not significantly changed for over thirty years. There is a need for more effective treatment for patients with high risk features but also reduced treatment-related toxicity for all patients. Predictive biomarkers are needed to help inform clinicians to de-escalate or add therapy, including immune therapies, and to contribute to future clinical trial designs. Here, we review a variety of approaches to improve outcomes and quality of life for patients with osteosarcoma with a focus on incorporating toxicity reduction, immune therapy and molecular analysis to provide the most effective and least toxic osteosarcoma therapy.
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Keywords:
osteosarcoma; chemotherapy; MAP; immunotherapy; genomic heterogeneity; adolescent and young adult; patient outcomes
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Smrke, A.; Anderson, P.M.; Gulia, A.; Gennatas, S.; Huang, P.H.; Jones, R.L. Future Directions in the Treatment of Osteosarcoma. Cells 2021, 10, 172. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10010172
AMA Style
Smrke A, Anderson PM, Gulia A, Gennatas S, Huang PH, Jones RL. Future Directions in the Treatment of Osteosarcoma. Cells. 2021; 10(1):172. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10010172
Chicago/Turabian StyleSmrke, Alannah; Anderson, Peter M.; Gulia, Ashish; Gennatas, Spyridon; Huang, Paul H.; Jones, Robin L. 2021. "Future Directions in the Treatment of Osteosarcoma" Cells 10, no. 1: 172. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10010172
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