Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activities and Uptake of N by Oilseed Rape Depending on Fertilization and Seaweed Biostimulant Application
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Site and Soil Sampling
2.2. Plant Sampling
2.3. Biochemical Analysis
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effect of Fertilization and Biostimulant Application on Enzyme Activity during Plant Vegetation
3.2. Effect of Fertilization on Nitrogen Uptake by Winter Rape
3.3. Effect of Fertilization on Internal Efficiency and Reciprocal Internal Nutrient Efficiency
3.4. Correlation between Enzymatic Activity and Researched Parameters
4. Discussion
4.1. Effect of Mineral Fertilization on Enzyme Activity
4.2. Effect of Biostimulant Application on Enzyme Activity
4.3. Effect of Fertilization and Biostimulant Application on Nitrogen Uptake by Winter Rape
4.4. Correlation Between Enzyme Activity on Nitrogen Uptake
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | Specification |
---|---|
fertilization NPK | high N180P70K132: 180 N, 70 P, 160 K 132 N [kg ha−1] low N144P35K66: 144 N, 35 P, 66 K [kg ha−1] |
elementary S fertilization | 36 kg ha−1 |
0 kg ha−1 | |
biostimulant Kelpak | 2 dm3 ha−1 in autumn + 2 dm3 ha−1 in spring |
0 dm3 ha−1 (Control) |
Treatment | Flowering | Fruit Development | Ripening | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DH ‡ | PER | CAT | NR | UR | DH | PER | CAT | NR | UR | DH | PER | CAT | NR | UR | |||
N180P70K132 | S0 | Biostimulant † | 8.316 | 2.260 | 0.028 | 0.188 | 4.074 | 1.134 | 2.333 | 0.029 | 0.088 | 3.843 | 0.588 | 2.425 | 0.030 | 0.067 | 2.594 |
Control | 6.090 | 2.217 | 0.032 | 1.612 | 2.601 | 1.512 | 2.449 | 0.030 | 0.085 | 3.357 | 1.092 | 2.535 | 0.031 | 0.018 | 2.202 | ||
S36 | Biostimulant | 1.260 | 2.181 | 0.030 | 0.195 | 2.583 | 1.137 | 2.309 | 0.046 | 0.120 | 2.737 | 0.924 | 2.199 | 0.032 | 0.098 | 2.727 | |
Control | 1.974 | 2.156 | 0.026 | 0.177 | 2.009 | 2.772 | 2.248 | 0.033 | 0.576 | 2.132 | 0.840 | 2.522 | 0.037 | 0.077 | 2.524 | ||
Mean | 4.410 | 2.204 | 0.029 | 0.543 | 2.817 | 1.639 | 2.335 | 0.035 | 0.217 | 3.017 | 0.861 | 2.420 | 0.032 | 0.065 | 2.511 | ||
N144P35K66 | S0 | Biostimulant | 0.924 | 2.239 | 0.025 | 0.203 | 3.336 | 2.184 | 2.394 | 0.034 | 0.418 | 3.903 | 1.008 | 2.693 | 0.042 | 2.906 | 2.212 |
Control | 1.176 | 2.278 | 0.018 | 0.464 | 3.143 | 0.756 | 2.184 | 0.028 | 1.128 | 3.493 | 2.898 | 2.593 | 0.040 | 0.332 | 2.289 | ||
S36 | Biostimulant | 1.470 | 2.092 | 0.031 | 0.789 | 2.401 | 1.092 | 2.251 | 0.034 | 0.094 | 2.317 | 2.092 | 2.577 | 0.038 | 0.449 | 2.450 | |
Control | 1.176 | 2.312 | 0.024 | 2.028 | 5.107 | 1.050 | 2.352 | 0.030 | 0.275 | 0.749 | 2.312 | 2.766 | 0.042 | 1.829 | 2.198 | ||
Mean | 1.187 | 2.230 | 0.024 | 0.871 | 3.497 | 1.270 | 2.295 | 0.032 | 0.479 | 3.365 | 2.373 | 2.657 | 0.041 | 1.379 | 2.287 | ||
S0 | 4.127 | 2.249 | 0.206 | 0.617 | 3.288 | 1.396 | 2.340 | 0.030 | 0.430 | 3.649 | 1.397 | 2.561 | 0.036 | 0.831 | 2.324 | ||
S36 | 1.470 | 2.185 | 0.028 | 0.797 | 3.025 | 1.513 | 2.290 | 0.036 | 0.266 | 2.734 | 1.838 | 2.516 | 0.037 | 0.613 | 2.475 | ||
Biostimulant | 2.993 | 2.193 | 0.029 | 0.344 | 3.098 | 1.387 | 2.322 | 0.036 | 0.180 | 3.200 | 1.313 | 2.474 | 0.035 | 0.880 | 2.496 | ||
Control | 2.604 | 2.241 | 0.025 | 1.070 | 3.215 | 1.523 | 2.308 | 0.030 | 0.516 | 3.182 | 1.922 | 2.604 | 0.038 | 0.564 | 2.303 | ||
LSD for NPK | 2.775 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | 1.029 | 1.013 | ns | 1.013 | ns | ||
S | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | 0.005 | ns | 0.647 | ns | ns | 0.132 | 0.132 | ns | ||
B | ns | ns | ns | 0.703 | ns | ns | ns | 0.005 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ||
NPK × S | 3.924 | ns | ns | 0.994 | 0.980 | ns | 0.572 | ns | 0.572 | ns | ns | ns | 0.045 | ns | ns | ||
NPK × B | ns | ns | ns | ns | 0.980 | 1.216 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | 0.186 | ns | ns | ||
S × B | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | 0.186 | ns | ns |
Treatment | Flowering | Fruit Development | Ripening | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shoots | Roots | Total | Shoots | Roots | Total | Shoots | Roots | Total | ||
N180P70K132 | S0 | |||||||||
Biostimulant † | 136 | 13.9 | 150 | 191 | 13.8 | 205 | 189 | 18.9 | 208 | |
Control | 128 | 16.2 | 144 | 172 | 12.5 | 185 | 191 | 18.3 | 209 | |
S36 | ||||||||||
Biostimulant | 179 | 20.4 | 199 | 248 | 17.0 | 265 | 252 | 23.4 | 276 | |
Control | 139 | 13.4 | 152 | 210 | 13.5 | 224 | 198 | 18.0 | 216 | |
Mean | 145 | 16.0 | 161 | 205 | 14.2 | 220 | 208 | 19.7 | 227 | |
N144P35K66 | S0 | |||||||||
Biostimulant | 136 | 12.8 | 148 | 180 | 10.9 | 191 | 197 | 17.1 | 214 | |
Control | 103 | 10.9 | 114 | 182 | 11.2 | 193 | 152 | 16.4 | 169 | |
S36 | ||||||||||
Biostimulant | 132 | 13.6 | 146 | 198 | 12.6 | 210 | 201 | 19.4 | 220 | |
Control | 124 | 12.1 | 136 | 174 | 10.3 | 185 | 164 | 16.3 | 180 | |
Mean | 124 | 12.3 | 136 | 184 | 11.2 | 195 | 179 | 17.3 | 196 | |
S0 | 143 | 14.9 | 158 | 208 | 13.4 | 221 | 204 | 19.3 | 223 | |
S36 | 126 | 13.4 | 139 | 181 | 12.1 | 193 | 182 | 17.7 | 200 | |
Biostimulant | 146 | 15.2 | 161 | 204 | 13.6 | 218 | 210 | 19.7 | 230 | |
Control | 123 | 13.,1 | 136 | 185 | 11.9 | 197 | 176 | 17.3 | 194 | |
LSD for NPK | 13.8 | 1.74 | 14.3 | 14.6 | 1.18 | 14.9 | 21.0 | 1.77 | 21.6 | |
S | 13.8 | ns | 14.3 | 14.6 | 1.18 | 14.9 | 21.0 | ns | 21.6 | |
B | 13.8 | 1.74 | 14.3 | 14.6 | 1.18 | 14.9 | 21.0 | 1.77 | 21.6 | |
NPK × S | ns | ns | ns | 20.6 | ns | 21.1 | ns | ns | ns | |
NPK × B | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | |
S × B | ns | 2.46 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | 2.50 | ns |
Growing Stage | Treatment | Mean | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N180P70K132 | N144P35K66 | S36 | S0 | Biostimulant | Control | ||
Internal efficiency (IE) seed yield (kg)/N uptake in plants (kg) | |||||||
Flowering | 23.2 | 24.5 | 23.0 | 24.6 | 23.0 | 24.6 | 23.2 |
Development of fruit | 16.4 | 16.9 | 15.9 | 17.3 | 16.3 | 17.0 | 16.4 |
Ripening | 17.0 | 18.4 | 17.0 | 18.4 | 16.5 | 18.9 | 17.0 |
Reciprocal internal efficiency (RIE) N uptake in plants (kg)/seed yield (kg) × 1000 | |||||||
Flowering | 46.2 | 44.4 | 47.2 | 43.3 | 47.6 | 43.0 | 46.2 |
Development of fruit | 64.1 | 62.9 | 66.6 | 60.4 | 65.2 | 61.8 | 64.1 |
Ripening | 75.0 | 77.5 | 78.5 | 74.0 | 80.1 | 72.4 | 75.0 |
Parameters | PER | CAT | UR | Uptake of N in Shoots | Uptake of N in Roots |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PER—peroxidase activity | 1 | * | - | - | - |
CAT—catalase activity | 0.54 | 1 | * | * | * |
UR—urease activity | −0.18 | −0.45 | 1 | * | - |
Uptake of N in shoots | −0.41 | 0.64 | −0.44 | 1 | * |
Uptake of N in roots | −0.14 | 0.65 | −0.29 | 0.72 | 1 |
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Siwik-Ziomek, A.; Szczepanek, M. Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activities and Uptake of N by Oilseed Rape Depending on Fertilization and Seaweed Biostimulant Application. Agronomy 2019, 9, 480. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9090480
Siwik-Ziomek A, Szczepanek M. Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activities and Uptake of N by Oilseed Rape Depending on Fertilization and Seaweed Biostimulant Application. Agronomy. 2019; 9(9):480. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9090480
Chicago/Turabian StyleSiwik-Ziomek, Anetta, and Małgorzata Szczepanek. 2019. "Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activities and Uptake of N by Oilseed Rape Depending on Fertilization and Seaweed Biostimulant Application" Agronomy 9, no. 9: 480. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9090480