Author Contributions
Methodology, M.D.; formal analysis, A.E.E.; investigation, W.Z., X.W., F.L., J.H., L.M., F.Y., H.Q., G.X., D.X.; writing—review and editing, W.Y.; supervision, X.T. and Z.L.; project administration, X.T. and Z.L.
Figure 1.
Correlation between plant height and seed cotton yield under the natural plant height range of 58.6–163.2 cm (A) and limited range of 80–120 cm (B). Data were collected from 24 field experiments conducted in Hejian city, Hebei Province, China, in 2010–2017.
Figure 1.
Correlation between plant height and seed cotton yield under the natural plant height range of 58.6–163.2 cm (A) and limited range of 80–120 cm (B). Data were collected from 24 field experiments conducted in Hejian city, Hebei Province, China, in 2010–2017.
Figure 2.
Correlation between plant height and seed cotton yield in different years under the natural plant height range of 58.6–163.2 cm (A) and limited range of 80–120 cm (B). Data were collected from 24 field experiments conducted in Hejian city, Hebei Province, China, in 2010–2017.
Figure 2.
Correlation between plant height and seed cotton yield in different years under the natural plant height range of 58.6–163.2 cm (A) and limited range of 80–120 cm (B). Data were collected from 24 field experiments conducted in Hejian city, Hebei Province, China, in 2010–2017.
Figure 3.
Correlation between plant height and seed cotton yield for different cultivars under the natural plant height range of 58.6–163.2 cm (A) and limited range of 80–120 cm (B). XK4: Xinkang 4; SK126: Shikang 126; GX3: Guoxin 3; XS17: Xinshi 17. Data were collected from 24 field experiments conducted in Hejian city, Hebei Province, China, in 2010–2017.
Figure 3.
Correlation between plant height and seed cotton yield for different cultivars under the natural plant height range of 58.6–163.2 cm (A) and limited range of 80–120 cm (B). XK4: Xinkang 4; SK126: Shikang 126; GX3: Guoxin 3; XS17: Xinshi 17. Data were collected from 24 field experiments conducted in Hejian city, Hebei Province, China, in 2010–2017.
Figure 4.
Correlation between plant height and seed cotton yield at different plant densities under the natural plant height range of 58.6–163.2 cm (A) and limited range of 80–120 cm (B). Data were collected from 24 field experiments conducted in Hejian city, Hebei Province, China, in 2010–2017.
Figure 4.
Correlation between plant height and seed cotton yield at different plant densities under the natural plant height range of 58.6–163.2 cm (A) and limited range of 80–120 cm (B). Data were collected from 24 field experiments conducted in Hejian city, Hebei Province, China, in 2010–2017.
Figure 5.
Correlation between plant height and seed cotton yield for mepiquat chloride (MC) application and control (CK) under the natural plant height range of 58.6–163.2 cm (A) and limited range of 80–120 cm (B). Data were collected from 24 field experiments conducted in Hejian city, Hebei Province, China, in 2010–2017.
Figure 5.
Correlation between plant height and seed cotton yield for mepiquat chloride (MC) application and control (CK) under the natural plant height range of 58.6–163.2 cm (A) and limited range of 80–120 cm (B). Data were collected from 24 field experiments conducted in Hejian city, Hebei Province, China, in 2010–2017.
Table 1.
Weather data during cotton growing season in Hejian city, Hebei Province, China in 2010–2017.
Table 1.
Weather data during cotton growing season in Hejian city, Hebei Province, China in 2010–2017.
Year | Precipitation (mm) | Average Air Temperature (°C) | Sunshine Duration (h) |
---|
May | June | July | August | September | May | June | July | August | September | May | June | July | August | September |
---|
2010 | 52.1 | 7.4 | 86.3 | 195.8 | 52.3 | 21.7 | 25.7 | 28.4 | 24.9 | 20.0 | 282.5 | 296.4 | 244.7 | 198.8 | 184.0 |
2011 | 67.2 | 47.2 | 151.2 | 150.8 | 33.6 | 20.6 | 26.8 | 27.6 | 25.6 | 18.9 | 303.2 | 298.4 | 283.5 | 264.7 | 213.0 |
2012 | 5.6 | 79.5 | 242.5 | 119.2 | 131.3 | 22.6 | 25.1 | 26.8 | 24.1 | 18.8 | 237.4 | 193.3 | 163.7 | 181.1 | 210.4 |
2013 | 26.5 | 80.1 | 279.1 | 96.7 | 39.2 | 20.9 | 24.6 | 26.2 | 26.5 | 20.2 | 258.2 | 187.3 | 187.0 | 238.8 | 184.3 |
2014 | 38.0 | 30.0 | 42.4 | 93.0 | 19.6 | 22.9 | 25.6 | 28.2 | 26.0 | 20.8 | 316.8 | 297.9 | 297.6 | 302 | 226.2 |
2016 | 27.1 | 40.9 | 274.0 | 51.4 | 16.4 | 19.9 | 25.6 | 26.6 | 25.7 | 21.1 | 283.8 | 274.9 | 216.9 | 213.3 | 248.2 |
2017 | 24.4 | 58.3 | 166.8 | 212.6 | 9.8 | 23.0 | 25.3 | 27.4 | 25.6 | 21.4 | 342.8 | 324.0 | 277.5 | 275.8 | 286.3 |
Table 2.
Databases of the 24 field experiments conducted in Hejian city, Hebei Province, China in 2010-2017.
Table 2.
Databases of the 24 field experiments conducted in Hejian city, Hebei Province, China in 2010-2017.
Year | Cultivar | Density (plants m−2) | MC (g ha−1) | Irrigation (mm) | Nitrogen (kg ha−1) | P2O5 (kg ha−1) | K2O (g ha−1) | Mean Plant Height (cm) | Mean Seed Cotton Yield (kg ha−1) | N1 | N2 | N3 | N4 |
---|
2010 | GX3 | 5.2 | 0, 588 | 0 | 186 | 138 | 0, 45–180 | 104.9 | 3295.9 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2010 | GX3 | 5.2 | 0, 588 | 0 | 186 | 138 | 0, 45–180 | 113.5 | 3231.2 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2010 | GX3 | 5.2 | 0, 588 | 0 | 186 | 138 | 0, 45–180 | 111.4 | 3130.8 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2010 | GX3, GX8 | 5.2 | 0, 588 | 0 | 186 | 138 | 0, 45–180 | 111.4 | 3448.2 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2011 | GX3 | 5.2 | 0, 600 | 0 | 186 | 138 | 0, 45–180 | 110.4 | 3361.1 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2011 | GX3 | 5.2 | 0, 600 | 0 | 186 | 138 | 0, 45–180 | 112.8 | 3612.9 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2012 | GX3, XK4 | 6.0, 9.0, 11.7 | 357 | 0 | 186 | 138 | 0, 45–180 | 128.1 | 2609.7 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 0 |
2013 | GX3 | 9.0, 11.7 | 312 | 0 | 123 | 128 | 90 | 120.5 | 3192.4 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 |
2013 | SK126 | 6.0, 9.0, 11.7 | 312 | 0 | 0, 210 | 128 | 90 | 110.4 | 3223.3 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 0 |
2013 | SCRC36, Han7860 | 6.0, 11.7 | 0, 3.75–180 | 0 | 123 | 128 | 90 | 138.8 | 3144.8 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 |
2014 | SCRC36, Han7860 | 6.0, 11.7 | 0, 3.75–180 | 50 | 123 | 128 | 90 | 106.6 | 5145.1 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 |
2014 | SK126 | 6.0, 9.0, 11.7 | 153 | 50 | 0, 210 | 128 | 90 | 75.9 | 4622.2 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 0 |
2014 | GX3, SK126 | 6.0, 9.0, 11.7 | 153 | 50 | 123 | 128 | 90 | 78.2 | 5095.6 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 0 |
2014 | SK126 | 6.0, 9.0, 11.7 | 0, 140–394 | 50 | 123 | 128 | 90 | 82.6 | 4431.7 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2016 | SK126 | 9.0 | 425 | 0 | 0, 105, 210 | 138 | 90 | 111.6 | 4158.5 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 |
2016 | SK126 | 9.0 | 0, 140–394 | 0 | 120 | 138 | 90 | 103.3 | 3851.1 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 |
2016 | XS17 | 6.0, 9.0, 11.7 | 425 | 0 | 0, 105, 210 | 138 | 90 | 97.9 | 4502.0 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 72 |
2016 | SCRC36, XK4 | 6.0, 11.7 | 0, 140–491 | 0 | 120 | 138 | 90 | 99.4 | 3928.3 | 80 | 80 | 0 | 0 |
2016 | CCRI60, XK4 | 11.7 | 425 | 0 | 120 | 138 | 90 | 110.7 | 2870.1 | 120 | 120 | 0 | 0 |
2017 | SK126 | 9.0 | 527 | 0 | 120 | 138 | 90 | 118.8 | 4158.5 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 |
2017 | SK126 | 9.0 | 0, 140–394 | 0 | 120 | 138 | 90 | 115.5 | 3426.1 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 |
2017 | SCRC28 | 9.0 | 527 | 0 | 120 | 138 | 90 | 98.6 | 3461.4 | 112 | 0 | 112 | 0 |
2017 | SCRC28 | 9.0 | 527 | 0 | 120 | 138 | 90 | 98.1 | 4522.7 | 108 | 108 | 0 | 0 |
2017 | CCRI60 | 9.0, 11.7 | 527 | 0 | 120 | 138 | 90 | 113 | 3234.4 | 120 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Table 3.
Correlation between plant height and seed cotton yield in different years under natural plant height range of 58.6–163.2 cm and limited range of 80–120 cm. Data were collected from 24 field experiments conducted in Hejian city, Hebei Province, China, in 2010–2017.
Table 3.
Correlation between plant height and seed cotton yield in different years under natural plant height range of 58.6–163.2 cm and limited range of 80–120 cm. Data were collected from 24 field experiments conducted in Hejian city, Hebei Province, China, in 2010–2017.
Year | Plant Height: 58.6–163.2 cm | Plant Height: 80–120 cm |
---|
r | Mean (cm) | Coefficient of Variation (%) | n | Seed Cotton Yield (kg ha−1) | r | Mean (cm) | Coefficient of Variation (%) | n | Seed Cotton Yield (kg ha−1) |
---|
2010 | −0.324 * | 111.0 | 13.4 | 156 | 3291.2 | −0.244 * | 101.8 | 8.4 | 96 | 3383.2 |
2011 | −0.077 ns | 112.3 | 11.7 | 60 | 3562.6 | −0.096 ns | 104.4 | 8.7 | 38 | 3565.6 |
2012 | −0.312 * | 128.1 | 6.4 | 54 | 2609.7 | — | — | — | 10 | — |
2013 | −0.195 * | 133.2 | 10.8 | 374 | 3160.1 | 0.346 * | 111.5 | 4.7 | 78 | 3321.8 |
2014 | 0.304 * | 97.0 | 20.4 | 384 | 5016.3 | 0.061 ns | 100.9 | 11.7 | 220 | 5110.8 |
2016 | −0.459 * | 104.7 | 16.7 | 335 | 3702.8 | −0.554 * | 103.7 | 10.2 | 277 | 3716.8 |
2017 | −0.200 * | 104.7 | 13.3 | 454 | 3722.7 | −0.156 * | 103.5 | 9.9 | 400 | 3727.3 |
Table 4.
Correlation between plant height and seed cotton yield for different cultivars under natural plant height range of 58.6–163.2 cm and limited range of 80–120 cm. Data were collected from 24 field experiments conducted in Hejian city, Hebei Province, China, in 2010–2017.
Table 4.
Correlation between plant height and seed cotton yield for different cultivars under natural plant height range of 58.6–163.2 cm and limited range of 80–120 cm. Data were collected from 24 field experiments conducted in Hejian city, Hebei Province, China, in 2010–2017.
Cultivar | Plant Height: 58.6–163.2 cm | Plant Height: 80–120 cm |
---|
r | Mean (cm) | Coefficient of Variation (%) | n | Seed Cotton Yield (kg ha−1) | r | Mean (cm) | Coefficient of Variation (%) | n | Seed Cotton Yield (kg ha−1) |
---|
SCRC36 | −0.551 * | 98.8 | 17.0 | 310 | 4283.2 | 0.058 ns | 102.6 | 10.3 | 133 | 5057.6 |
Han7860 | −0.700 * | 126.5 | 17.3 | 270 | 3737.8 | 0.025 ns | 104.4 | 10.3 | 91 | 4750.0 |
XK4 | −0.672 * | 109.0 | 14.7 | 182 | 3318.6 | −0.617 * | 105 | 9.0 | 142 | 3452.6 |
SK126 | −0.414 * | 98.8 | 23.7 | 357 | 4039.0 | −0.331 * | 102.1 | 12.2 | 177 | 3835.8 |
CCRI60 | −0.243 * | 112.1 | 8.7 | 180 | 3047.4 | −0.292 * | 110.9 | 6.2 | 150 | 3045.2 |
GX3 | −0.646 * | 111.0 | 15.7 | 263 | 3480.0 | −0.454 * | 103.4 | 10.1 | 143 | 3542.5 |
XS17 | −0.186 ns | 97.9 | 10.9 | 72 | 4502.0 | −0.101 ns | 99 | 5.0 | 67 | 4498.6 |
SCRC28 | 0.004 ns | 96.4 | 11.7 | 164 | 4136.5 | 0.015 ns | 97.9 | 9.1 | 147 | 4113.2 |
Table 5.
Correlation between plant height and seed cotton yield at different plant densities under natural plant height range of 58.6–163.2 cm and limited range of 80–120 cm. Data were collected from 24 field experiments conducted in Hejian city, Hebei Province, China, in 2010–2017.
Table 5.
Correlation between plant height and seed cotton yield at different plant densities under natural plant height range of 58.6–163.2 cm and limited range of 80–120 cm. Data were collected from 24 field experiments conducted in Hejian city, Hebei Province, China, in 2010–2017.
Density (plants m−2) | Plant Height: 58.6–163.2 cm | Plant Height: 80–120 cm |
---|
r | Mean (cm) | Coefficient of Variation (%) | n | Seed Cotton Yield (kg ha−1) | r | Mean (cm) | Coefficient of Variation (%) | n | Seed Cotton Yield (kg ha−1) |
---|
5.2 | −0.198 * | 111.3 | 12.8 | 192 | 3373.3 | −0.139 ns | 102.6 | 8.8 | 122 | 3423.1 |
6.7 | −0.584 * | 115.6 | 20.6 | 408 | 4041.9 | −0.162 * | 101.7 | 10.5 | 186 | 4492.5 |
9.0 | −0.316 * | 105.1 | 16.6 | 608 | 3873.7 | −0.178 * | 102.4 | 10.6 | 455 | 3908.4 |
11.2 | −0.449 * | 114.0 | 18.7 | 609 | 3672.7 | −0.392 * | 106.5 | 9.4 | 344 | 3861.3 |
Table 6.
Correlation between plant height and seed cotton yield for mepiquat chloride (MC) application and control (CK) under natural plant height range of 58.6–163.2 cm and limited range of 80–120 cm. Data were collected from 24 field experiments conducted in Hejian city, Hebei Province, China, in 2010–2017.
Table 6.
Correlation between plant height and seed cotton yield for mepiquat chloride (MC) application and control (CK) under natural plant height range of 58.6–163.2 cm and limited range of 80–120 cm. Data were collected from 24 field experiments conducted in Hejian city, Hebei Province, China, in 2010–2017.
Treatment | Plant Height: 58.6–163.2 cm | Plant Height: 80–120 cm |
---|
r | Mean (cm) | Coefficient of Variation (%) | n | Seed Cotton Yield (kg ha−1) | r | Mean (cm) | Coefficient of Variation (%) | n | Seed Cotton Yield (kg ha−1) |
---|
CK | −0.539 * | 131.7 | 12.2 | 403 | 3646.6 | −0.352 * | 111.4 | 6.5 | 265 | 4469.3 |
MC | −0.408 * | 93.9 | 16.8 | 1414 | 3817.4 | −0.360 * | 103.0 | 10.1 | 906 | 3837.1 |
Table 7.
The length of mainstem internodes and fruiting branches and their coefficient of variation. Data were collected from 15 (length of fruiting branch) and 8 (length of mainstem internode) field experiments conducted in Hejian city, Hebei Province, China, in 2013–2017.
Table 7.
The length of mainstem internodes and fruiting branches and their coefficient of variation. Data were collected from 15 (length of fruiting branch) and 8 (length of mainstem internode) field experiments conducted in Hejian city, Hebei Province, China, in 2013–2017.
Plant Architecture Attributes | Plant Height: 58.6–163.2 cm | Plant Height: 80–120 cm |
---|
Mean (cm) | Coefficient of Variation (%) | n | Mean (cm) | Coefficient of Variation (%) | n |
---|
1st | 3.6 | 21.9 | 867 | 3.5 | 19.6 | 478 |
2nd | 6.9 | 22.7 | 755 | 6.5 | 22.4 | 372 |
3rd | 6.7 | 26.2 | 755 | 5.7 | 23.1 | 372 |
4th | 5.9 | 26.1 | 755 | 5.5 | 31.5 | 372 |
LFB | 24.6 | 31.0 | 1289 | 23.9 | 31.2 | 720 |
MFB | 25.9 | 34.9 | 1289 | 23.4 | 32.3 | 720 |
UFB | 20.2 | 48.6 | 1289 | 17.8 | 43.2 | 720 |