First Report of Amaranthus hybridus with Multiple Resistance to 2,4-D, Dicamba, and Glyphosate
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material and Growing Conditions
2.2. Dose Response Assays
2.3. Shikimic Acid Accumulation
2.4. Piperonil Butoxide (PBO) Effects on 2,4-D and Dicamba Metabolism
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Population | Herbicide | b | d | GR50 | se | Res. Factor | p-Value | GR80 | se |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CMA1 | 2,4-D | 1.161 | 1.066 | 272.78 | 102.86 | 2.64 | 0.001 | 900.30 | 425.07 |
CMA2 | 2,4-D | 5.563 | 0.075 | 547.03 | 128.11 | 5.31 | 0.012 | 704.33 | 335.80 |
ESP1 | 2,4-D | 1.849 | 0.148 | 123.13 | 35.45 | 1.20 | 0.591 | 256.19 | 70.46 |
ESP2 | 2,4-D | 1.686 | 0.114 | 103.10 | 22.41 | - | - | 225.23 | 67.69 |
SJT1 | 2,4-D | 2.229 | 0.089 | 336.73 | 69.43 | 3.27 | 0.022 | 627.17 | 209.17 |
SJT2 | 2,4-D | 1.008 | 0.143 | 309.84 | 137.07 | 3.01 | 0.178 | 1224.61 | 472.87 |
CMA1 | Dicamba | 1.791 | 1.021 | 299.29 | 83.37 | 5.50 | 0.001 | 648.90 | 279.50 |
CMA2 | Dicamba | 2.971 | 1.077 | 428.28 | 105.77 | 7.87 | 0.001 | 682.90 | 289.50 |
ESP1 | Dicamba | 2.657 | 1.089 | 54.40 | 8.86 | - | - | 91.72 | 21.35 |
ESP2 | Dicamba | 1.593 | 1.058 | 83.87 | 24.36 | 1.54 | 0.106 | 200.27 | 77.41 |
SJT1 | Dicamba | 4.240 | 1.077 | 248.12 | 44.44 | 4.56 | 0.001 | 344.07 | 135.50 |
SJT2 | Dicamba | 1.192 | 1.157 | 326.36 | 86.78 | 6.00 | 0.001 | 1043.88 | 533.02 |
CMA1 | Glyphosate | 2.538 | 1.017 | 63.51 | 8.16 | 0.76 | 0.251 | 109.66 | 18.11 |
CMA2 | Glyphosate | 1.142 | 0.976 | 82.47 | 19.20 | 0.98 | 0.955 | 277.74 | 79.47 |
ESP1 | Glyphosate | 2.875 | 0.926 | 83.81 | 14.00 | - | - | 135.76 | 32.63 |
ESP2 | Glyphosate | 0.819 | 0.987 | 119.86 | 70.33 | 1.43 | 0.482 | 652.00 | 336.91 |
SJT1 | Glyphosate | 1.959 | 0.875 | 5018.2 | 1315.2 | 167.0 | 0.001 | 10,181.8 | 3434.2 |
SJT2 | Glyphosate | 1.867 | 1.130 | 66.85 | 14.25 | 0.79 | 0.456 | 140.47 | 38.62 |
Population/Active | 2,4-D | 2,4-D + PBO | Dicamba | Dicamba + PBO |
---|---|---|---|---|
CMA1 | 0.79 ± 0.28 | 0.06 ± 0.06 * | 0.68 ± 0.25 | 0.09 ± 0.13 * |
CMA2 | 0.89 ± 0.33 | 0.06 ± 0.09 * | 0.97 ± 0.25 | 0.03 ± 0.06 * |
ESP1 | 0.08 ± 0.14 | 0.07 ± 0.15 | 0.57 ± 0.06 | 0.05 ± 0.09 * |
ESP2 | 0.22 ± 0.08 | 0.07 ± 0.09 * | 0.30 ± 0.15 | 0.10 ± 0.15 * |
SJT1 | 0.45 ± 0.20 | 0.07 ± 0.06 * | 0.95 ± 0.25 | 0.04 ± 0.04 * |
SJT2 | 0.81 ± 0.26 | 0.06 ± 0.09 * | 0.78 ± 0.39 | 0.11 ± 0.14 * |
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Dellaferrera, I.; Cortés, E.; Panigo, E.; De Prado, R.; Christoffoleti, P.; Perreta, M. First Report of Amaranthus hybridus with Multiple Resistance to 2,4-D, Dicamba, and Glyphosate. Agronomy 2018, 8, 140. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8080140
Dellaferrera I, Cortés E, Panigo E, De Prado R, Christoffoleti P, Perreta M. First Report of Amaranthus hybridus with Multiple Resistance to 2,4-D, Dicamba, and Glyphosate. Agronomy. 2018; 8(8):140. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8080140
Chicago/Turabian StyleDellaferrera, Ignacio, Eduardo Cortés, Elisa Panigo, Rafael De Prado, Pedro Christoffoleti, and Mariel Perreta. 2018. "First Report of Amaranthus hybridus with Multiple Resistance to 2,4-D, Dicamba, and Glyphosate" Agronomy 8, no. 8: 140. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8080140