Assessment of Intercropping and Plastic Mulch as Tools to Manage Heat Stress, Productivity and Quality of Jalapeño Pepper
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Site Description
2.2. Crop Management
2.3. Treatments Description
2.4. Response Variables
2.5. Experimental Design and Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Yield and Fruit Number
3.2. Pepper Quality Variables
3.3. Microclimatic Variables on the Pepper Crop
3.4. Pepper Plant Morphology
4. Discussion
4.1. Yield and Fruit Number
4.2. Pepper Quality Variables
4.3. Microclimatic Variables
4.4. Pepper Plant Morphology
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Trt. † | Total Yield (Mg ha−1) | Total Fruit Number (m2) | Capsaicin (g kg FW ¥) | Pericarp Thickness (mm) | Firmness (N) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Season 2015 | ||||||||
BS | 10.7 | a ‡ | 56.3 | a | 1.1 | 3.6 | 75.4 | |
BS + IC | 4.6 | b | 21.8 | b | 0.9 | 3.4 | 78.0 | |
PMu | 12.1 | a | 62.3 | a | 1.0 | 3.4 | 67.7 | |
PMu + IC | 4.4 | b | 15.7 | b | 1.0 | 3.4 | 81.2 | |
p-value | 0.005 | 0.007 | 0.431 | 0.422 | 0.331 | |||
Season 2016 | ||||||||
BS | 11.8 | a | 65.6 | a | 3.0 | 63.8 | a | |
BS + IC | 5.6 | b | 28.4 | b | 3.3 | 36.6 | c | |
PMu | 13.9 | a | 73.4 | a | 3.4 | 50.3 | a | |
PMu + IC | 4.7 | b | 33.7 | b | 3.1 | 47.4 | b | |
p-value | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.788 | 0.028 |
Trt. † | L* | a* | b* | Chroma | Hue |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Season 2015 | |||||
BS | 36.4 | −9.4 | 18.7 | 21.0 | 116.8 |
BS+IC | 38.5 | −9.8 | 22.6 | 24.8 | 114.7 |
PMu | 37.6 | −9.9 | 20.7 | 23.0 | 116.3 |
PMu+IC | 37.0 | −9.9 | 20.9 | 26.6 | 116.0 |
p-value | 0.67 | 0.47 | 0.328 | 0.431 | 0.47 |
Season 2016 | |||||
BS† | 34.8 | −9.5 | 21.6 | 23.1 | 115.9 |
BS+IC | 36.3 | −10.0 | 21.2 | 24.5 | 116.2 |
PMu | 35.9 | −9.7 | 19.5 | 23.3 | 117.5 |
PMu+IC | 35.4 | −10.3 | 22.6 | 24.2 | 114.6 |
p-value | 0.604 | 0.385 | 0.709 | 0.671 | 0.704 |
Treatment † | Height (cm) | LA (cm2) | SLA (cm2 g−1) | LDW (g) | SDW (g) | FDW (g) | TDW (g) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Season 2015 | |||||||||||||
BS | 41.7 | b ‡ | 1229.0 | b | 100.3 | 12.3 | b | 16.5 | ab | 26.3 | ab | 55.0 | b |
BS+IC | 37.1 | b | 470.8 | b | 99.1 | 4.8 | b | 6.0 | b | 9.0 | b | 19.8 | b |
PMu | 52.9 | a | 4094.7 | a | 123.2 | 33.3 | a | 24.5 | a | 67.3 | a | 125.0 | a |
PMu+IC | 40.9 | b | 1773.0 | b | 169.8 | 10.5 | b | 10.8 | ab | 25.3 | ab | 46.5 | b |
p-value | <0.001 | 0.009 | 0.352 | 0.006 | 0.032 | 0.048 | 0.004 | ||||||
Season 2016 | |||||||||||||
BS | 53.0 | b | 1128.2 | bc | 92.2 | 12.2 | b | 17.5 | ab | 28.6 | b | 58.3 | b |
BS+IC | 65.4 | a | 619.8 | c | 111.6 | 5.6 | c | 7.6 | c | 12.7 | c | 25.8 | c |
PMu | 63.1 | a | 3854.4 | a | 136.7 | 28.2 | a | 25.8 | a | 67.2 | a | 121.2 | a |
PMu+IC | 51.9 | b | 1694.6 | b | 116.3 | 14.6 | b | 12.2 | b | 29.2 | b | 56.1 | b |
p-value | <0.001 | 0.004 | 0.457 | 0.018 | 0.039 | 0.027 | 0.002 |
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Santillano-Cázares, J.; Ruiz-Alvarado, C.; García-López, A.M.; Escobosa-García, I.; Cárdenas-Salazar, V.; Morales-Maza, A.; Núñez-Ramírez, F. Assessment of Intercropping and Plastic Mulch as Tools to Manage Heat Stress, Productivity and Quality of Jalapeño Pepper. Agronomy 2018, 8, 307. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8120307
Santillano-Cázares J, Ruiz-Alvarado C, García-López AM, Escobosa-García I, Cárdenas-Salazar V, Morales-Maza A, Núñez-Ramírez F. Assessment of Intercropping and Plastic Mulch as Tools to Manage Heat Stress, Productivity and Quality of Jalapeño Pepper. Agronomy. 2018; 8(12):307. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8120307
Chicago/Turabian StyleSantillano-Cázares, Jesús, Cristina Ruiz-Alvarado, Alejandro M. García-López, Isabel Escobosa-García, Víctor Cárdenas-Salazar, Antonio Morales-Maza, and Fidel Núñez-Ramírez. 2018. "Assessment of Intercropping and Plastic Mulch as Tools to Manage Heat Stress, Productivity and Quality of Jalapeño Pepper" Agronomy 8, no. 12: 307. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8120307