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Agronomy
Volume 16
Issue 11
10.3390/agronomy16111098
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Genetic Diversity Analysis of American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) Accessions Based on Phenotypic Traits and SSR Markers

by
Wenhao Jia
1,
Xutong He
1,
Liwen Feng
1,
Shurui Wang
1,
Bowen Guan
1,
Xiyu Chen
1,
Junbo Rong
1,
Mengyang Zhang
1,
Zhongliang Yang
2,
Dandan Zhang
2,
Youcheng Wang
1,
Chunyue Fu
1,
Xiujuan Lei
1,3,*,
Jian Zhang
1,3,4,5,* and
Yingping Wang
1,3,*
1
College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
2
Jilin Shenwang Plant Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Baishan 134505, China
3
National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
4
Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
5
Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Agronomy 2026, 16(11), 1098; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16111098
Submission received: 16 April 2026 / Revised: 25 May 2026 / Accepted: 28 May 2026 / Published: 31 May 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Harnessing Medicinal Plant Potential: Integrative Approaches from Breeding to Metabolomics)
Versions Notes

Abstract

American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) is an important medicinal crop, but its improvement in China is limited by variety degeneration and a shortage of elite cultivars. In this study, phenotypic traits and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were integrated to evaluate the genetic diversity of 51 selected accessions from major Chinese production regions. Phenotypic analysis showed that five of the 18 quantitative traits had phenotypic coefficients of variation exceeding 40%, mainly involving root traits such as fresh root weight and lateral root number. Broad-sense heritability for these root traits ranged from 61.70% to 74.80%, indicating substantial genetic contribution under standardized conditions. Principal component analysis identified five candidate elite accessions: CY3 and KD1 for tall stature and high yield, DH1 and LH2 for high ginsenoside content, and AT1 for well-developed lateral roots. A 12-accession representative subset was further proposed for conservation and pre-breeding. SSR-based clustering showed weak geographic differentiation, and Mantel analysis revealed no significant correlation between phenotypic and SSR-based genetic distances. These materials, together with the proposed accession-level conservation strategy, provide useful resources for germplasm preservation, parental selection, QTL mapping, and marker-assisted breeding.
Keywords: Panax quinquefolius L.; agronomic traits; SSR markers; genetic diversity Panax quinquefolius L.; agronomic traits; SSR markers; genetic diversity

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Jia, W.; He, X.; Feng, L.; Wang, S.; Guan, B.; Chen, X.; Rong, J.; Zhang, M.; Yang, Z.; Zhang, D.; et al. Genetic Diversity Analysis of American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) Accessions Based on Phenotypic Traits and SSR Markers. Agronomy 2026, 16, 1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16111098

AMA Style

Jia W, He X, Feng L, Wang S, Guan B, Chen X, Rong J, Zhang M, Yang Z, Zhang D, et al. Genetic Diversity Analysis of American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) Accessions Based on Phenotypic Traits and SSR Markers. Agronomy. 2026; 16(11):1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16111098

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jia, Wenhao, Xutong He, Liwen Feng, Shurui Wang, Bowen Guan, Xiyu Chen, Junbo Rong, Mengyang Zhang, Zhongliang Yang, Dandan Zhang, and et al. 2026. "Genetic Diversity Analysis of American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) Accessions Based on Phenotypic Traits and SSR Markers" Agronomy 16, no. 11: 1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16111098

APA Style

Jia, W., He, X., Feng, L., Wang, S., Guan, B., Chen, X., Rong, J., Zhang, M., Yang, Z., Zhang, D., Wang, Y., Fu, C., Lei, X., Zhang, J., & Wang, Y. (2026). Genetic Diversity Analysis of American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) Accessions Based on Phenotypic Traits and SSR Markers. Agronomy, 16(11), 1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16111098

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