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Agronomy
Volume 15
Issue 8
10.3390/agronomy15081963
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Investigation of Histological Characteristics and Evaluation of Physiological Traits Damage by Low Temperature Under Different Transplanting Periods During Early Growth Period in Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam)

by
Sejin Oh
1,
Seong-Wook Kang
2,
Yumi Lee
2,
Jaeyoung Ock
3,
Gitak Ryu
3,
Seul Lee
3,
Jin-Young Kim
4,
Jinyoung Moon
4,
Jongtae Lee
4,
Tae-Young Hwang
5,*,† and
Seong-Woo Cho
1,2,3,*,†
1
Department of Plant Resources, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
2
Department of GreenBio Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
3
Department of Smart Agro-Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
4
Crop Science Division, Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Jinju 52733, Republic of Korea
5
Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Life Science and Environmental Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Agronomy 2025, 15(8), 1963; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15081963
Submission received: 5 July 2025 / Revised: 12 August 2025 / Accepted: 13 August 2025 / Published: 14 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Plant-Crop Biology and Biochemistry)
Versions Notes

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the phenotypic and histological characteristics of leaves, stems, and roots of sweet potato (‘Hopungmi’ and ‘Sodammi’, Korean cultivars) under the low-temperature conditions induced by early transplanting. In leaves, early transplanting (ETP) led to reductions in vascular bundle width (from −22.6% to −53.7%), xylem diameter (from −51.6% to −52.6%), palisade parenchyma thickness (from −31.3% to −31.5%), and the palisade parenchyma thickness-to-leaf thickness ratio (from −31.2% to −32.1%), while the total leaf thickness remained unchanged. Principal component 1 (PC1: 69.7%) was positively correlated with vascular characteristics and palisade parenchyma thickness, reflecting enhanced development under optimal transplanting (OTP) and greater photosynthetic capacity. These findings indicate that low temperatures hinder palisade parenchyma development. In stems, ETP reduced stem radius (from −20.3% to −42.1%) and the pith-to-stem radius ratio (from −21.0% to −25.3%) but increased the xylem-to-stem radius ratio (from +45.8% to +47.1%) and the collenchyma-to-stem radius ratio (from +61.5% to +84.7%). PC1 (45.7%) showed positive correlations with xylem and collenchyma ratios and negative correlations with stem radius and pith ratio, suggesting that these anatomical adjustments helped maintain stem rigidity under stress. In roots, ETP significantly reduced root radius (from −78.0% to −94.5%), vascular radius (from −83.9% to −96.9%), cortex thickness (from −68.9% to −80.7%), and the vascular-to-root radius ratio (from −28.6% to −44.7%), while increasing the cortex-to-root radius ratio (from +53.0% to +248.0%). PC1 (93.8%) was positively associated with vascular characteristics and cortex thickness and negatively associated with the cortex-to-root radius ratio. Overall, the low temperatures resulting from early transplanting altered the anatomical structures of leaves, stems, and roots, indicating suboptimal conditions for storage root development. In particular, the vascular bundle radius of sweet potato roots was identified as a crucial indicator for evaluating storage root development, which can be utilized in future breeding strategies.
Keywords: early transplanting; anatomy; palisade parenchyma; storage parenchyma; harvest index early transplanting; anatomy; palisade parenchyma; storage parenchyma; harvest index

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Oh, S.; Kang, S.-W.; Lee, Y.; Ock, J.; Ryu, G.; Lee, S.; Kim, J.-Y.; Moon, J.; Lee, J.; Hwang, T.-Y.; et al. Investigation of Histological Characteristics and Evaluation of Physiological Traits Damage by Low Temperature Under Different Transplanting Periods During Early Growth Period in Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam). Agronomy 2025, 15, 1963. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15081963

AMA Style

Oh S, Kang S-W, Lee Y, Ock J, Ryu G, Lee S, Kim J-Y, Moon J, Lee J, Hwang T-Y, et al. Investigation of Histological Characteristics and Evaluation of Physiological Traits Damage by Low Temperature Under Different Transplanting Periods During Early Growth Period in Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam). Agronomy. 2025; 15(8):1963. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15081963

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oh, Sejin, Seong-Wook Kang, Yumi Lee, Jaeyoung Ock, Gitak Ryu, Seul Lee, Jin-Young Kim, Jinyoung Moon, Jongtae Lee, Tae-Young Hwang, and et al. 2025. "Investigation of Histological Characteristics and Evaluation of Physiological Traits Damage by Low Temperature Under Different Transplanting Periods During Early Growth Period in Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam)" Agronomy 15, no. 8: 1963. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15081963

APA Style

Oh, S., Kang, S.-W., Lee, Y., Ock, J., Ryu, G., Lee, S., Kim, J.-Y., Moon, J., Lee, J., Hwang, T.-Y., & Cho, S.-W. (2025). Investigation of Histological Characteristics and Evaluation of Physiological Traits Damage by Low Temperature Under Different Transplanting Periods During Early Growth Period in Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam). Agronomy, 15(8), 1963. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15081963

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