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Agronomy
Volume 15
Issue 8
10.3390/agronomy15081787
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Potential Benefits and Side Effects of Sophora flavescens to Control Rachiplusia nu

by
Geraldo Matheus de Lara Alves
1,
Adeney de Freitas Bueno
2,*,
Gabriel Siqueira Carneiro
3,
Guilherme Julião Zocolo
2,
Taynara Cruz dos Santos
3,
Rafael Stempniak Iasczczaki
4,
Letícia Carolina Chiampi Munhoz
1,
Nicole de Oliveira Vilas Boas
5 and
Isabel Roggia
2
1
Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
2
Embrapa Soja, Londrina 86085-981, Paraná, Brazil
3
Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Paraná, Brazil
4
Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
5
Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, Bandeirantes 86360-000, Paraná, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Agronomy 2025, 15(8), 1787; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15081787
Submission received: 23 June 2025 / Revised: 21 July 2025 / Accepted: 23 July 2025 / Published: 24 July 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Pest and Disease Management)
Versions Notes

Abstract

There is a global demand for reducing the adoption of traditional chemical insecticides in agriculture. Among the most promising alternatives, botanical insecticides have been increasingly gaining attention due to their efficacy combined with a more environmentally safe impact. Among the different botanical insecticides commercially available, oxymatrine is an alkaloid found in the roots of Sophora flavescens which exhibits wide insecticide activity. However, their side-effects on non-target organisms have not been extensively evaluated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate in laboratory conditions the insecticidal potential of a commercial botanical insecticide (Matrine®) based on ethanolic extract of S. flavescens roots at 0.2; 0.6; 1.0; 1.4; 1.8; and 2.2 L of commercial product per hectare to control third-instar larvae of Rachiplusia nu and its selectivity in the egg parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum. Overall, our results showed that the ethanolic extract of S. flavescens is an efficient tool to control R. nu from 0.6 to 2.2 L/ha, with similar R. nu mortality at 48 and 72 h after spraying (close to 100% mortality) associated with no impact to pupae and minimum impact to adults (slightly harmful) of the egg parasitoid. The botanical insecticide was classified as harmless to the pupae and slightly harmful to the adults of T. pretiosum according to the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC) protocols. Thus, the use of the ethanolic extract of S. flavescens emerges as a relevant alternative to control R. nu, which needs to be confirmed in future field trials.
Keywords: botanical insecticides; lepidopteran pest; Trichogramma pretiosum; selectivity; IPM; plant ethanolic extract botanical insecticides; lepidopteran pest; Trichogramma pretiosum; selectivity; IPM; plant ethanolic extract

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MDPI and ACS Style

Alves, G.M.d.L.; Bueno, A.d.F.; Carneiro, G.S.; Zocolo, G.J.; Santos, T.C.d.; Iasczczaki, R.S.; Munhoz, L.C.C.; Vilas Boas, N.d.O.; Roggia, I. Potential Benefits and Side Effects of Sophora flavescens to Control Rachiplusia nu. Agronomy 2025, 15, 1787. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15081787

AMA Style

Alves GMdL, Bueno AdF, Carneiro GS, Zocolo GJ, Santos TCd, Iasczczaki RS, Munhoz LCC, Vilas Boas NdO, Roggia I. Potential Benefits and Side Effects of Sophora flavescens to Control Rachiplusia nu. Agronomy. 2025; 15(8):1787. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15081787

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alves, Geraldo Matheus de Lara, Adeney de Freitas Bueno, Gabriel Siqueira Carneiro, Guilherme Julião Zocolo, Taynara Cruz dos Santos, Rafael Stempniak Iasczczaki, Letícia Carolina Chiampi Munhoz, Nicole de Oliveira Vilas Boas, and Isabel Roggia. 2025. "Potential Benefits and Side Effects of Sophora flavescens to Control Rachiplusia nu" Agronomy 15, no. 8: 1787. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15081787

APA Style

Alves, G. M. d. L., Bueno, A. d. F., Carneiro, G. S., Zocolo, G. J., Santos, T. C. d., Iasczczaki, R. S., Munhoz, L. C. C., Vilas Boas, N. d. O., & Roggia, I. (2025). Potential Benefits and Side Effects of Sophora flavescens to Control Rachiplusia nu. Agronomy, 15(8), 1787. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15081787

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