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Agronomy
Volume 15
Issue 11
10.3390/agronomy15112533
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Article

Effects of Allelic Variation in Storage Protein Genes on Seed Composition and Agronomic Traits of Soybean in the Omsk Oblast of Western Siberia

by
Ilya V. Strembovskiy
1,
Pavel Yu. Kroupin
1,*,
Lyudmila V. Omel’yanuk
2,
Andrey V. Arkhipov
1,
Yana S. Meglitskaya
1,
Mikhail S. Bazhenov
1,
Akimbek M. Asanov
2,
Mariya E. Mukhordova
2,
Oksana A. Yusova
2,
Yuliya I. Yaschenko
2,
Gennady I. Karlov
1 and
Mikhail G. Divashuk
1
1
All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127434 Moscow, Russia
2
Omsk Agricultural Scientific Center, 644012 Omsk, Russia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Agronomy 2025, 15(11), 2533; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15112533
Submission received: 29 September 2025 / Revised: 24 October 2025 / Accepted: 28 October 2025 / Published: 30 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Crop Breeding and Genetics)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Developing soy cultivars for northern long-day regions requires understanding how alleles of protein accumulation genes function in non-optimal environments like Western Siberia, where their effects may diverge from those established in other regions. We hypothesized that allelic variation in the genes GmSWEET39, Glyma.03G219900, Glyma.14G119000, Glyma.17G074400, and POWR1 would have measurable and predictable effects on seed composition and plant architecture in soybean, even under the stressful long-day conditions of Western Siberia (Omsk Oblast). Over a three-year period (2021–2023), a diverse collection of 58 soybean accessions was phenotyped for yield-related traits and genotyped using established KASP and PCR markers and a novel KASP marker for GmSWEET39. Our results demonstrate that the GmSWEET39 CC+ allele is significantly associated with an increase in seed protein content by up to 1.9 pp, a decrease in seed oil content up to 1.4 pp, and a reduction in plant height by up to 20%, while the Glyma.17G074400 SNP(T) allele was associated with an increase in oil content up to 1.4 pp. Strong negative correlations were found between protein content and plant height, whereas plant height was positively correlated with flowering time. Broad-sense heritability was high (H2 > 0.82) for all traits except fiber content. The genotypic structure of the collection revealed a predominance of oil-favoring alleles, with rare protein-enhancing alleles identified in accessions from Sweden, Poland, China, and Japan. These accessions have been proposed as valuable donors for breeding. This study validates the utility of marker-assisted selection for the development of high-protein and high-oil soybean varieties tailored to the challenging photoperiod and climatic conditions of northern regions.
Keywords: soybean; protein; oil; genetic markers; GmSWEET39; Glyma.17G074400; marker-assisted selection soybean; protein; oil; genetic markers; GmSWEET39; Glyma.17G074400; marker-assisted selection

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MDPI and ACS Style

Strembovskiy, I.V.; Kroupin, P.Y.; Omel’yanuk, L.V.; Arkhipov, A.V.; Meglitskaya, Y.S.; Bazhenov, M.S.; Asanov, A.M.; Mukhordova, M.E.; Yusova, O.A.; Yaschenko, Y.I.; et al. Effects of Allelic Variation in Storage Protein Genes on Seed Composition and Agronomic Traits of Soybean in the Omsk Oblast of Western Siberia. Agronomy 2025, 15, 2533. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15112533

AMA Style

Strembovskiy IV, Kroupin PY, Omel’yanuk LV, Arkhipov AV, Meglitskaya YS, Bazhenov MS, Asanov AM, Mukhordova ME, Yusova OA, Yaschenko YI, et al. Effects of Allelic Variation in Storage Protein Genes on Seed Composition and Agronomic Traits of Soybean in the Omsk Oblast of Western Siberia. Agronomy. 2025; 15(11):2533. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15112533

Chicago/Turabian Style

Strembovskiy, Ilya V., Pavel Yu. Kroupin, Lyudmila V. Omel’yanuk, Andrey V. Arkhipov, Yana S. Meglitskaya, Mikhail S. Bazhenov, Akimbek M. Asanov, Mariya E. Mukhordova, Oksana A. Yusova, Yuliya I. Yaschenko, and et al. 2025. "Effects of Allelic Variation in Storage Protein Genes on Seed Composition and Agronomic Traits of Soybean in the Omsk Oblast of Western Siberia" Agronomy 15, no. 11: 2533. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15112533

APA Style

Strembovskiy, I. V., Kroupin, P. Y., Omel’yanuk, L. V., Arkhipov, A. V., Meglitskaya, Y. S., Bazhenov, M. S., Asanov, A. M., Mukhordova, M. E., Yusova, O. A., Yaschenko, Y. I., Karlov, G. I., & Divashuk, M. G. (2025). Effects of Allelic Variation in Storage Protein Genes on Seed Composition and Agronomic Traits of Soybean in the Omsk Oblast of Western Siberia. Agronomy, 15(11), 2533. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15112533

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