Remediation of Cd and Cu Contaminated Agricultural Soils near Oilfields by Biochar Combined with Sodium Humate-Wood Vinegar
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Soil Samples and Chemicals
2.2. Preparation Procedure of BHW Remediation Materials
2.3. Remediation Experiment
2.4. The Measurement of Metal Content of Different Fractions
2.5. Adsorption Properties of Remediation Materials
2.5.1. Adsorption Kinetics
2.5.2. Adsorption Isotherms
2.5.3. Competitive Adsorption
2.6. Data Statistics
2.6.1. Adsorption Capacity
2.6.2. Adsorption Kinetic
- (1)
- Pseudo first-order rate equation
- (2)
- Pseudo-second-order rate equation
2.6.3. Adsorption Isotherm
- (1)
- Langmuir adsorption isotherm
- (2)
- Freundlich adsorption isotherm
2.7. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer Measurements
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Effect of BHW on the Availability of Cu and Cd
3.2. Effect of BHW on the Chemical Fractions of Cu and Cd
3.3. Effect of BHW on Competitive Adsorption
3.4. Adsorption Kinetic
3.5. Adsorption Isotherms
3.6. Immobilization Mechanism
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment Dosage (g∙kg−1) | BC | BC-NaHA | BHW | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Control group | 0 | - | - | - |
1# | 0.04 | BC-1 | BC-NaHA-1 | BHW-1 |
2# | 0.1 | BC-2 | BC-NaHA-2 | BHW-2 |
3# | 0.2 | BC-3 | BC-NaHA-3 | BHW-3 |
4# | 0.3 | BC-4 | BC-NaHA-4 | BHW-4 |
5# | 0.4 | BC-5 | BC-NaHA-5 | BHW-5 |
6# | 0.5 | BC-6 | BC-NaHA-6 | BHW-6 |
Partition Coefficient | Soil-A | KdΣsp1 | Soil-B | KdΣsp2 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cu | Cd | Cu | Cd | |||
Kd100 | 0.073 | 0.028 | 0.101 | 0.149 | 0.039 | 0.188 |
Kd200 | 0.052 | 0.021 | 0.073 | 0.063 | 0.024 | 0.087 |
Kd300 | 0.066 | 0.028 | 0.094 | 0.087 | 0.034 | 0.121 |
Linear Model Type | Parameters | Cu2+ | Cd2+ |
---|---|---|---|
Quasi-first-order | Qe (mg·g−1) | 42.53 | 22.57 |
K1 (min−1) | 0.0316 | 0.0175 | |
R2 | 0.9766 | 0.9609 | |
Quasi-second-order | Qe (mg·g−1) | 48.54 | 28.49 |
K2 (g·mg−1·min−1) | 0.000757 | 0.001293 | |
R2 | 0.9985 | 0.9989 |
Fitting Type | Parameters | Cu(Ⅱ) | Cd(Ⅱ) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
288.15 K | 289.15 K | 308.15 K | 288.15 K | 289.15 K | 308.15 K | ||
Qmax (mg·g−1) | 43.48 | 45.87 | 47.62 | 25.91 | 27.86 | 30.67 | |
Langmuir | KL (L·mg−1) | 0.0266 | 0.0356 | 0.0514 | 0.0954 | 0.1065 | 0.1457 |
R2 | 0.8526 | 0.8751 | 0.9071 | 0.9566 | 0.8569 | 0.8457 | |
KF (mg·g−1) | 2.418 | 3.276 | 4.128 | 2.376 | 2.875 | 3.721 | |
Freundlich | n | 1.88 | 2.006 | 2.052 | 1.706 | 1.752 | 1.701 |
R2 | 0.9844 | 0.9945 | 0.9949 | 0.9926 | 0.9937 | 0.9946 |
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Wang, J.; Gao, W.; Zhu, J.; Yang, Y.; Niu, Y. Remediation of Cd and Cu Contaminated Agricultural Soils near Oilfields by Biochar Combined with Sodium Humate-Wood Vinegar. Agronomy 2023, 13, 1009. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13041009
Wang J, Gao W, Zhu J, Yang Y, Niu Y. Remediation of Cd and Cu Contaminated Agricultural Soils near Oilfields by Biochar Combined with Sodium Humate-Wood Vinegar. Agronomy. 2023; 13(4):1009. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13041009
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Junqi, Weichun Gao, Junfeng Zhu, Yuxiao Yang, and Yuhua Niu. 2023. "Remediation of Cd and Cu Contaminated Agricultural Soils near Oilfields by Biochar Combined with Sodium Humate-Wood Vinegar" Agronomy 13, no. 4: 1009. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13041009