Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Dry Matter Weight and Yield of Direct-Seeded Rice under Straw Return
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Design
2.2. Variables
2.2.1. Tillering Dynamics
2.2.2. Leaf Area Index (LAI)
2.2.3. Dry Matter
2.2.4. Yield
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Effects of Straw Return and Nitrogen Application Rate on LAI
3.2. Effects of Straw Return and Nitrogen Application Rate on Tillering Dynamics
3.3. Effects of Straw Return and Nitrogen Application Rate on Dry Matter Accumulation
3.4. Effects of Straw Return and Nitrogen Application Rate on Yield
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | Treatment | Maximum Tillering Stage | Full Heading Stage | Mature Stage | Dry Matter Accumulation After Full Heading | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stem | Leaf | Stem and Leaf | Panicle | Stem and Leaf | Panicle | ||||
2020 | T1 | N1 | 891.07c | 626.44d | 5282.19d | 624.18c | 2946.08d | 4526.39d | 1566.10c |
N2 | 1562.11b | 1346.98c | 8100.41c | 1420.88b | 3821.40c | 7847.33c | 2147.45b | ||
N3 | 1926.29a | 1838.93b | 9274.91b | 1383.75b | 5200.84b | 8738.29b | 3280.47a | ||
N4 | 2025.12a | 1887.52a | 10,433.16a | 1843.30a | 6255.46a | 9356.98a | 3335.98a | ||
Mean | 1601.15 | 1424.97 | 8272.67 | 1318.03 | 4351.94 | 7617.25 | 2582.50 | ||
T2 | N1 | 1057.33c | 860.86c | 6851.03d | 982.26d | 3470.56d | 5954.73c | 1592.00c | |
N2 | 1576.85b | 1518.06b | 9273.27c | 1524.25c | 4825.92c | 8012.56b | 2040.95b | ||
N3 | 1995.09a | 1856.40a | 10,668.85b | 1806.53b | 5775.23b | 9643.28a | 2943.13a | ||
N4 | 1969.42a | 2039.31a | 10,901.99a | 1933.39a | 6144.14a | 9761.22a | 3069.98a | ||
Mean | 1649.67 | 1568.66 | 9423.79 | 1561.61 | 5053.96 | 8342.95 | 2411.51 | ||
2021 | T1 | N1 | 1199.84c | 573.85d | 5112.75d | 507.23d | 3337.70d | 5199.29d | 2917.01d |
N2 | 1306.31c | 713.08c | 6654.68c | 589.95c | 4856.95c | 6869.78c | 4482.09c | ||
N3 | 1732.46a | 986.08b | 7450.18b | 700.52b | 5156.43b | 7922.69b | 4928.42b | ||
N4 | 1815.45a | 1196.56a | 8953.78a | 933.66a | 6974.64a | 9399.67a | 6486.87a | ||
Mean | 1513.52 | 867.39 | 7042.85 | 682.84 | 5081.43 | 7347.86 | 4703.60 | ||
T2 | N1 | 945.40d | 512.97d | 6103.19d | 619.16c | 4327.60d | 6426.70d | 4031.94c | |
N2 | 1135.95c | 636.09c | 7632.05c | 749.93b | 5465.30c | 8467.10c | 5550.42b | ||
N3 | 1528.53b | 907.18b | 8477.73b | 815.18b | 6342.75b | 8627.08b | 5676.93b | ||
N4 | 1574.67b | 1140.60a | 9711.30a | 958.50a | 7479.28a | 9507.78a | 6317.25a | ||
Mean | 1296.14 | 1025.96 | 7981.07 | 785.69 | 5903.73 | 8257.17 | 5394.14 | ||
F Value | Y | 386.97 ** | 964.59 ** | 21,634.69 ** | 5491.30 ** | 1307.79 ** | 42.79 ** | 14,693.69 ** | |
T | 0.3 | 0.23 | 16,432.18 ** | 107.96 ** | 1032.01 ** | 2588.20 ** | 1175.44 ** | ||
N | 386.72 ** | 622.19 ** | 8864.67 ** | 519.40 ** | 5450.63 ** | 5902.37 ** | 2264.68 ** | ||
Y ×T | 20.94 * | 3.55 | 170.62 ** | 17.81 * | 62.26 ** | 32.64 ** | 3232.06 ** | ||
Y × N | 29.75 ** | 92.63 ** | 295.19 ** | 138.74 ** | 80.31 ** | 185.34 ** | 222.01 ** | ||
T × N | 7.42 ** | 3.81 * | 63.02 ** | 13.00 ** | 73.07 ** | 95.95 ** | 74.81 ** | ||
Y × T × N | 10.86 ** | 12.04 ** | 23.88 ** | 9.70 ** | 43.89 ** | 86.24 ** | 39.03 ** |
Year | Treatment | 1000-Grain Weight (g) | Grain Filling (%) | Panicles (×104·hm−2) | Spikelets per Panicle | Grain Yield (kg·hm−2) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | T1 | N1 | 26.53a | 82.71c | 171.99d | 114.72d | 4329.61d |
N2 | 26.50a | 88.28a | 251.35c | 149.06c | 8764.84c | ||
N3 | 26.63a | 86.11b | 275.18b | 150.93b | 9520.63a | ||
N4 | 26.56a | 80.04d | 285.39a | 156.17a | 9471.93b | ||
Mean | 26.55 | 80.29 | 245.98 | 142.72 | 8021.75 | ||
T2 | N1 | 26.59b | 82.77c | 197.17c | 125.40b | 5438.22d | |
N2 | 26.81ab | 87.18b | 257.33b | 148.61a | 8936.52c | ||
N3 | 26.80ab | 86.98b | 285.39a | 153.91a | 10,236.67b | ||
N4 | 26.90a | 89.76a | 287.55a | 154.65a | 10,738.26a | ||
Mean | 26.77 | 86.67 | 256.86 | 145.64 | 8837.42 | ||
2021 | T1 | N1 | 25.46b | 85.60a | 181.40c | 146.15c | 5776.07c |
N2 | 26.01b | 88.35a | 218.55b | 152.62b | 7662.26b | ||
N3 | 26.89a | 87.30a | 223.86b | 164.82a | 8661.46a | ||
N4 | 26.06b | 85.91a | 232.44a | 165.62a | 8618.70a | ||
Mean | 26.10 | 86.79 | 214.06 | 157.30 | 7678.98 | ||
T2 | N1 | 25.50b | 86.19a | 181.51d | 156.17b | 6228.93d | |
N2 | 27.00a | 87.83a | 227.80c | 156.92b | 8478.09c | ||
N3 | 26.92a | 87.76a | 236.14b | 166.00a | 9260.87b | ||
N4 | 27.07a | 88.14a | 247.52a | 166.08a | 9804.17a | ||
Mean | 26.62 | 87.48 | 223.24 | 161.29 | 8443.01 | ||
F Value | Y | 10.26 | 92.95 * | 1719.11 ** | 120.13 ** | 105.58 ** | |
T | 39.45 ** | 36.84 ** | 113.62 ** | 15.21 * | 480.15 ** | ||
N | 16.27 ** | 21.36 ** | 1075.23 ** | 246.20 ** | 2466.26 ** | ||
Y × T | 6.48 | 11.16 * | 0.81 | 0.36 | 0.51 | ||
Y × N | 15.30 ** | 3.40 * | 109.40 ** | 88.22 ** | 161.95 ** | ||
T × N | 3.21 * | 20.38 ** | 1.44 | 11.13 ** | 17.48 ** | ||
Y × T × N | 3.31 * | 8.46 ** | 16.67 ** | 1.7 | 11.77 ** |
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Ma, P.; Zhang, K.-Y.; Liao, X.-H.; Aer, L.-S.; Yang, E.-L.; Deng, J.; Zhou, L.; Zhang, R.-P. Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Dry Matter Weight and Yield of Direct-Seeded Rice under Straw Return. Agronomy 2023, 13, 3058. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13123058
Ma P, Zhang K-Y, Liao X-H, Aer L-S, Yang E-L, Deng J, Zhou L, Zhang R-P. Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Dry Matter Weight and Yield of Direct-Seeded Rice under Straw Return. Agronomy. 2023; 13(12):3058. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13123058
Chicago/Turabian StyleMa, Peng, Ke-Yuan Zhang, Xue-Huan Liao, Li-Se Aer, Er-Luo Yang, Jun Deng, Lin Zhou, and Rong-Ping Zhang. 2023. "Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Dry Matter Weight and Yield of Direct-Seeded Rice under Straw Return" Agronomy 13, no. 12: 3058. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13123058