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Agronomy
Volume 13
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10.3390/agronomy13010021
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Article

Assessment of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Landraces for Their Agronomic, Biochemical Characteristics and Resistance to Phytophthora infestans

by
Aurel Maxim
1,
Vasile Cristian Albu
1,*,
Dan Cristian Vodnar
2,
Tania Mihăiescu
1,
Ștefania Mirela Mang
3,
Ippolito Camele
3,
Vincenzo Trotta
3,
Maria Grazia Bonomo
4,
Lucia Mihalescu
5,
Mignon Sandor
1,
Floricuța Ranga
2 and
Orsolya Borsai
6
1
Department of Engineering and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, No. 3-5, Calea Mănăștur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
2
Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, No. 3-5, Calea Mănăștur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
3
School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
4
Department of Sciences (DiS), University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
5
Department of Biology, North University Center of Baia Mare, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, No. 76 Victoriei Street, 430122 Baia Mare, Romania
6
Department of Horticulture and Landscaping, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, No. 3-5, Calea Mănăștur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Agronomy 2023, 13(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010021
Submission received: 10 October 2022 / Revised: 10 December 2022 / Accepted: 16 December 2022 / Published: 21 December 2022
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Abstract

Genetic diversity in crop plants is the conditio sine qua non for sustainable agriculture and long-term food security. Our research carried out the morphological, agronomic, and physico-chemical characterization and resistance to late blight of 35 tomato landraces from seven countries. These landraces have been approved and appear in the Official Catalog of Varieties. The International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) descriptors have been used to describe the tomato’s morphological and agronomic characteristics. For the physico-chemical characteristics, the dry matter, the pH, and the carotenoid content (lycopene, lutein, and β-carotene)) were analyzed. Carotenoids were monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the morphological diversity of landraces was very high. Three landraces of remarkable commercial value have shown increased resistance to late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans, one of the most damaging diseases of tomato. Also, six landraces had a lycopene content exceeding 100 µg/g sample. The carotenoid content ranged between 0.769 (Marmande-FR 166) and 140.328 mg kg−1 FW (Răscruci). The landrace with the highest β carotene content was PT 308 with 65.499 mg kg−1 FW, while the lowest values were registered for Marmande-FR 166 with 0.105 mg kg−1 FW. The present study provides essential information on the morphological and agronomic qualities of these tomato landraces and their lycopene and other carotenoid content. The results are discussed in light of the importance of tomato landraces in meeting the preferences of different producers and consumers, the choice of the most suitable landraces for specific pedoclimatic conditions, and the supply of carotenoid pigment sources for the pharmaceutical industry. Our research responds to humanity’s great global challenges: preserving agricultural biodiversity, protecting the environment by identifying pest-resistant varieties, and also protecting consumer health by finding important sources of antioxidants.
Keywords: carotenoids; landraces; late blight; lycopene; tomato carotenoids; landraces; late blight; lycopene; tomato

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Maxim, A.; Albu, V.C.; Vodnar, D.C.; Mihăiescu, T.; Mang, Ș.M.; Camele, I.; Trotta, V.; Bonomo, M.G.; Mihalescu, L.; Sandor, M.; et al. Assessment of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Landraces for Their Agronomic, Biochemical Characteristics and Resistance to Phytophthora infestans. Agronomy 2023, 13, 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010021

AMA Style

Maxim A, Albu VC, Vodnar DC, Mihăiescu T, Mang ȘM, Camele I, Trotta V, Bonomo MG, Mihalescu L, Sandor M, et al. Assessment of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Landraces for Their Agronomic, Biochemical Characteristics and Resistance to Phytophthora infestans. Agronomy. 2023; 13(1):21. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010021

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maxim, Aurel, Vasile Cristian Albu, Dan Cristian Vodnar, Tania Mihăiescu, Ștefania Mirela Mang, Ippolito Camele, Vincenzo Trotta, Maria Grazia Bonomo, Lucia Mihalescu, Mignon Sandor, and et al. 2023. "Assessment of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Landraces for Their Agronomic, Biochemical Characteristics and Resistance to Phytophthora infestans" Agronomy 13, no. 1: 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010021

APA Style

Maxim, A., Albu, V. C., Vodnar, D. C., Mihăiescu, T., Mang, Ș. M., Camele, I., Trotta, V., Bonomo, M. G., Mihalescu, L., Sandor, M., Ranga, F., & Borsai, O. (2023). Assessment of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Landraces for Their Agronomic, Biochemical Characteristics and Resistance to Phytophthora infestans. Agronomy, 13(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010021

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