Textile Physical Barriers against the Chestnut Gall Wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Infested Plant Material
2.2. Morphometric Analysis of D. kuriphilus
2.3. Geometric Characterization of the Selected Textiles
2.4. Theoretical Efficacy of the Textiles against D. kuriphilus
2.5. Efficacy of the Screens against D. kuriphilus Measured under Laboratory Conditions
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Dimensions of D. kuriphilus
3.2. Geometry of Protection Screens
3.3. Efficacy of Protection Screens
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Origin | n | Tx ± σ (µm) | Tz ± σ (µm) | Ax ± σ (µm) | Az ± σ (µm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
As Neves Pontevedra 42°8′14″/8°24′17″ | 82 | 732 ± 39 | 745 ± 37 | 773 ± 38 | 854 ± 28 |
Lugo 42°59′49″/7°32′47″ | 83 | 717 ± 44 | 736 ± 48 | 762 ± 49 | 859 ± 94 |
Mean values | 165 | 725 ± 42 | 741 ± 43 | 768 ± 45 | 857 ± 69 |
Screen | ρy × ρx Trade Values (Threads cm−2) | ρy × ρx Measured Values (Threads cm−2) | Lpx ± σ (μm) | Lpy ± σ (μm) | Dh ± σ (μm) | φ (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 10 × 7 | 10.5 × 7.3 | 669 ± 19 | 1082 ± 33 | 281 ± 14 | 56.0 |
2 | 10 × 8 | 10.6 × 8.1 | 639 ± 36 | 930 ± 35 | 300 ± 13 | 51.5 |
3 | 10 × 10 | 10.0 × 9.6 | 715 ± 25 | 742 ± 30 | 295 ± 17 | 50.6 |
4 | 9 × 6 | 9.4 × 6.6 | 748 ± 72 | 1221 ± 25 | 310 ± 18 | 56.2 |
5 | 9 × 6 | 8.9 × 6.2 | 807 ± 36 | 1298 ± 50 | 316 ± 18 | 57.9 |
Screen | Lpx/Lpy | tt ± σ (μm) | A2D (mm2) | A3D (mm2) | d2 (μm) | Lpy/2 (μm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.62 | 510 ± 5 | 0.7239 | 0.7430 | 679 | 541 |
2 | 0.69 | 530 ± 4 | 0.5943 | 0.6127 | 649 | 465 |
3 | 0.96 | 460 ± 9 | 0.5305 | 0.5395 | 720 | 371 |
4 | 0.61 | 560 ± 7 | 0.9133 | 0.9363 | 758 | 611 |
5 | 0.62 | 530 ± 7 | 1.0475 | 1.0643 | 814 | 649 |
Screen | ε (%); T (°C) | F-Value | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 m·s−1 | 1.5 m·s−1 | 3.0 m·s−1 | |||
1 | 98.4; 28.9 | 100; 28.4 | 100; 28.4 | 1.000 | 0.422 |
2 | 98.1; 29.2 | 93.8; 28.5 | 94.8; 29.7 | 0.357 | 0.714 |
3 | 100; 28.6 | 100; 28.4 | 100; 29.6 | --- | --- |
4 | 76.4; 28.6 | --- | --- | --- | |
5 | 64.3; 28.7 | --- | --- | --- |
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Álvarez, A.J.; Oliva, R.M. Textile Physical Barriers against the Chestnut Gall Wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus. Agronomy 2022, 12, 1728. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071728
Álvarez AJ, Oliva RM. Textile Physical Barriers against the Chestnut Gall Wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus. Agronomy. 2022; 12(7):1728. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071728
Chicago/Turabian StyleÁlvarez, Antonio J., and Rocío M. Oliva. 2022. "Textile Physical Barriers against the Chestnut Gall Wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus" Agronomy 12, no. 7: 1728. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071728
APA StyleÁlvarez, A. J., & Oliva, R. M. (2022). Textile Physical Barriers against the Chestnut Gall Wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus. Agronomy, 12(7), 1728. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071728