Agro-Morphological and Biochemical Characterization of Korean Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Landraces
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals and Reagents
2.2. Sorghum Materials, Cultivation and Preparation
2.3. Extraction of Seed Samples
2.4. Determination of Total Tannin Content (TTC)
2.5. Determination of Total Phenolic Content (TPC)
2.6. Determination of Antioxidant Activities
2.6.1. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Radical Scavenging Activity
2.6.2. 2,2′-Azino-Bis(3-Ethylbenzothiazoline-6-Sulfonic Acid) Diammonium Radical Cation (ABTS•+) Scavenging Activity
2.6.3. Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) Assay
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Agro-Morphological Characteristics
3.2. Biochemical Contents and Antioxidant Activities
3.2.1. Selected Landraces with Unique Seed-Related Characteristics
3.2.2. Effect of Collection Area on Biochemical Contents and Antioxidant Activities
3.2.3. Effects of Seed Color and Weight on Biochemical Contents and Antioxidant Activities
3.3. Principal Component (PCA) and Correlation Analyses
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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IT-Number | DP (Days) | DM (Days) | SH (cm) | ST (mm) | PL (cm) | PW (mm) | TSW (g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IT028365 | 50 | 90 | 120.33 ± 6.02 ah-as | 23.78 ± 0.98 a-d | 20.17 ± 2.02 u-ab | 70.59 ± 7.53 q-aj | 26.50 ± 0.36 bb-be |
IT100010 | 46 | 82 | 150.00 ± 5.72 u-y | 15.26 ± 0.73 ah-as | 25.67 ± 3.79 j-s | 86.90 ± 7.26 j-t | 29.83 ± 0.12 z-ad |
IT100018 | 46 | 82 | 169.33 ± 1.25 r-s | 15.22 ± 0.21 ah-as | 27.83 ± 2.25 g-n | 76.04 ± 3.25 n-ag | 31.47 ± 0.62 o-p |
IT100024 | 42 | 83 | 152.67 ± 5.44 u-x | 15.96 ± 0.41 ad-ar | 28.00 ± 1.00 g-n | 82.79 ± 11.65 k-x | 29.37 ± 0.34 ad-ah |
IT100045 | 46 | 82 | 95.33 ± 5.73 ax-ba | 22.04 ± 0.77 c-h | 31.33 ± 1.15 d-h | 62.70 ± 2.66 y-al | 24.20 ± 0.16 br-bt |
IT100046 | 46 | 83 | 115.67 ± 2.05 aj-au | 18.81 ± 0.57 j-ae | 29.83 ± 1.04 e-j | 64.30 ± 7.20 v-al | 25.00 ± 0.90 bl-bo |
IT100047 | 48 | 90 | 121.33 ± 3.40 ah-as | 21.75 ± 0.12 c-j | 23.33 ± 0.58 o-y | 74.20 ± 2.92 n-ai | 32.47 ± 0.17 f-i |
IT100073 | 46 | 83 | 182.33 ± 3.09 m-r | 17.77 ± 0.47 p-al | 31.33 ± 1.53 d-h | 73.83 ± 2.75 o-ai | 27.70 ± 0.45 aq-av |
IT100074 | 50 | 91 | 109.67 ± 3.86 ap-ax | 20.04 ± 0.98 f-u | 22.33 ± 1.15 q-aa | 72.61 ± 2.10 o-ai | 31.47 ± 0.12 o-p |
IT100090 | 46 | 83 | 177.33 ± 3.30 o-r | 16.82 ± 0.94 x-ap | 26.33 ± 0.58 i-q | 71.47 ± 2.39 p-aj | 24.37 ± 0.34 bq-bs |
IT100143 | 62 | 101 | 249.67 ± 4.50 c-e | 19.61 ± 0.02 g-y | 29.33 ± 2.89 f-k | 88.03 ± 5.48 i-r | 22.93 ± 0.05 bu |
IT100177 | 46 | 83 | 159.33 ± 8.65 s-u | 16.37 ± 0.00 z-aq | 37.67 ± 2.08 c | 81.57 ± 14.54 k-aa | 26.83 ± 0.05 ay-bb |
IT103099 | 40 | 78 | 109.67 ± 2.87 ap-ax | 12.72 ± 1.46 as | 21.00 ± 1.73 t-aa | 45.94 ± 3.84 al-am | 27.10 ± 0.16 aw-az |
IT103452 | 48 | 85 | 177.00 ± 2.16 o-r | 15.78 ± 1.87 ae-ar | 23.33 ± 1.15 o-y | 90.73 ± 10.50 i-p | 29.17 ± 0.17 ae-ai |
IT103496 | 48 | 90 | 192.33 ± 8.18 l-n | 17.77 ± 0.96 p-al | 30.33 ± 0.58 e-i | 99.48 ± 5.34 f-k | 30.40 ± 0.29 t-y |
IT103970 | 42 | 83 | 193.67 ± 6.94 l-m | 14.55 ± 0.27 am-as | 24.67 ± 0.58 l-u | 68.15 ± 6.67 s-aj | 30.00 ± 0.22 x-aa |
IT104574 | 56 | 93 | 168.67 ± 8.96 r-s | 18.54 ± 0.88 l-af | 37.67 ± 4.51 c | 120.50 ± 12.72 b-e | 28.17 ± 0.57 an-ar |
IT104594 | 46 | 82 | 100.33 ± 1.70 au-ba | 21.28 ± 0.45 d-n | 29.33 ± 1.53 f-k | 71.44 ± 3.57 p-aj | 27.00 ± 0.08 ax-ba |
IT104963 | 46 | 83 | 178.00 ± 2.83 n-r | 20.08 ± 0.09 f-u | 35.00 ± 3.00 c-d | 91.50 ± 8.57 i-o | 28.73 ± 0.26 ai-al |
IT113294 | 42 | 83 | 139.67 ± 3.86 w-ae | 16.25 ± 1.27 ab-aq | 21.00 ± 1.00 t-aa | 69.77 ± 10.44 q-aj | 38.20 ± 1.73 a |
IT134976 | 48 | 90 | 141.67 ± 2.36 w-ab | 18.47 ± 0.32 l-af | 27.33 ± 1.53 g-o | 79.47 ± 3.46 l-ac | 30.83 ± 3.12 q-t |
IT158264 | 50 | 91 | 145.67 ± 4.19 u-z | 18.13 ± 0.53 o-aj | 23.00 ± 1.00 o-z | 73.04 ± 2.72 o-ai | 27.63 ± 5.12 as-av |
IT158265 | 52 | 91 | 122.33 ± 3.68 ag-ar | 17.77 ± 0.39 p-al | 24.00 ± 1.73 m-w | 55.02 ± 4.47 ai-al | 27.47 ± 5.50 au-ax |
IT162843 | 53 | 95 | 119.67 ± 10.66 ah-as | 19.68 ± 0.92 g-y | 23.33 ± 2.08 o-y | 73.43 ± 3.79 o-ai | 31.80 ± 6.22 k-o |
IT162877 | 53 | 90 | 78.67 ± 4.50 bb | 18.46 ± 0.30 l-af | 21.67 ± 1.53 m-w | 58.08 ± 3.33 af-al | 29.07 ± 6.12 af-aj |
IT180549 | 50 | 82 | 242.67 ± 2.05 d-f | 15.31 ± 0.39 ah-as | 35.00 ± 5.29 r-aa | 85.32 ± 9.17 j-u | 24.10 ± 8.22 bs-bt |
IT180614 | 50 | 90 | 120.33 ± 2.05 ah-as | 16.73 ± 0.37 x-ap | 23.00 ± 3.61 c-d | 62.05 ± 2.42 z-al | 24.63 ± 8.05 bo-br |
IT185760 | 56 | 99 | 129.33 ± 0.94 aa-al | 16.43 ± 0.16 z-aq | 21.33 ± 1.53 o-z | 64.26 ± 1.64 v-al | 28.10 ± 8.16 ao-as |
IT185796 | 42 | 77 | 205.67 ± 7.36 j-l | 13.57 ± 0.19 aq-as | 35.00 ± 1.00 c-d | 75.01 ± 6.02 n-ah | 28.03 ± 8.17 ao-as |
IT185807 | 49 | 86 | 186.83 ± 3.97 m-o | 14.99 ± 0.61 al-as | 29.92 ± 1.28 e-j | 81.74 ± 1.72 k-z | 26.92 ± 8.10 ay-bb |
IT185812 | 50 | 83 | 206.33 ± 6.65 j-l | 13.53 ± 0.60 aq-as | 32.67 ± 2.08 d-f | 88.00 ± 21.34 i-r | 22.37 ± 8.09 bv |
IT185813 | 42 | 82 | 202.67 ± 2.49 j-l | 15.38 ± 0.73 ag-as | 29.00 ± 1.00 f-l | 75.10 ± 7.43 n-ah | 24.07 ± 8.12 bs-bt |
IT185816 | 42 | 77 | 194.33 ± 2.05 l-m | 13.16 ± 0.91 ar-as | 31.33 ± 1.53 d-h | 74.82 ± 5.13 n-ah | 26.53 ± 8.12 ba-bd |
IT195442 | 62 | 99 | 144.67 ± 5.73 u-aa | 20.15 ± 0.36 f-t | 22.67 ± 2.08 p-z | 80.21 ± 6.46 l-ab | 30.83 ± 9.12 q-t |
IT208560 | 47 | 84 | 174.67 ± 4.11 o-r | 14.08 ± 0.76 ao-as | 31.67 ± 2.08 d-g | 87.80 ± 7.99 i-s | 29.43 ± 0.25 ab-ag |
IT208562 | 62 | 101 | 289.67 ± 6.85 a | 18.90 ± 0.65 j-ad | 51.33 ± 3.06 a | 99.63 ± 11.69 f-k | 25.33 ± 0.05 bj-bm |
IT208566 | 56 | 95 | 256.33 ± 17.21 c-d | 20.69 ± 0.16 e-p | 37.67 ± 5.13 c | 83.56 ± 4.10 k-v | 27.27 ± 0.12 av-ay |
IT208567 | 50 | 91 | 112.67 ± 3.68 am-av | 17.51 ± 0.18 q-an | 22.67 ± 1.15 p-z | 63.62 ± 4.64 w-al | 36.90 ± 0.08 b |
IT208568 | 50 | 84 | 171.67 ± 0.47 p-s | 17.09 ± 0.29 t-an | 31.67 ± 0.58 d-g | 74.42 ± 9.67 n-ai | 29.07 ± 0.31 af-aj |
IT208901 | 53 | 91 | 213.00 ± 14.31 i-j | 17.81 ± 0.62 p-al | 35.50 ± 2.60 c-d | 86.64 ± 7.19 j-t | 25.20 ± 0.08 bk-bn |
IT221619 | 62 | 104 | 294.67 ± 10.50 a | 23.34 ± 0.03 a-e | 31.67 ± 1.53 d-g | 95.76 ± 5.89 g-m | 27.67 ± 2.17 ar-av |
IT230297 | 56 | 97 | 138.33 ± 6.24 x-af | 18.90 ± 0.76 j-ad | 23.00 ± 2.00 o-z | 73.58 ± 5.21 o-ai | 32.23 ± 3.12 h-k |
IT235850 | 50 | 90 | 139.33 ± 10.21 w-ae | 19.95 ± 0.74 f-v | 26.33 ± 2.52 i-q | 77.14 ± 4.11 m-ag | 26.50 ± 3.33 bb-be |
IT235856 | 62 | 101 | 250.00 ± 21.21 c-e | 22.76 ± 0.34 b-f | 37.33 ± 4.93 c | 102.99 ± 11.63 e-j | 30.87 ± 3.12 q-t |
IT251882 | 62 | 101 | 185.00 ± 2.45 m-q | 20.05 ± 0.90 f-u | 23.00 ± 1.00 o-z | 106.43 ± 7.40 e-i | 33.97 ± 5.17 d |
IT262553 | 53 | 95 | 167.67 ± 2.05 r-t | 17.60 ± 0.43 q-al | 21.67 ± 2.08 r-aa | 71.05 ± 4.01 q-aj | 31.90 ± 6.08 j-o |
IT262554 | 50 | 90 | 131.67 ± 9.03 z-aj | 22.03 ± 0.61 c-h | 20.67 ± 1.15 t-aa | 74.15 ± 4.58 n-ai | 29.30 ± 6.08 ae-ah |
IT262557 | 62 | 104 | 157.33 ± 3.30 s-v | 20.19 ± 0.85 f-s | 23.67 ± 1.53 n-x | 71.51 ± 6.23 p-aj | 32.00 ± 6.08 i-n |
IT262566 | 53 | 93 | 129.33 ± 7.36 aa-al | 13.62 ± 0.66 aq-as | 24.67 ± 4.04 l-u | 70.35 ± 5.94 q-aj | 26.10 ± 6.16 bd-bg |
IT262570 | 50 | 93 | 154.67 ± 1.89 t-w | 16.81 ± 0.18 x-ap | 20.00 ± 1.00 v-ab | 63.58 ± 4.43 w-al | 23.87 ± 6.09 bt |
IT262576 | 48 | 90 | 125.67 ± 1.70 ac-ap | 17.89 ± 0.52 p-al | 20.67 ± 2.52 t-aa | 61.23 ± 5.98 ab-al | 25.57 ± 6.25 bh-bk |
IT264998 | 53 | 91 | 150.67 ± 0.47 u-x | 20.23 ± 0.81 f-s | 25.67 ± 1.53 j-s | 74.81 ± 2.89 n-ah | 25.67 ± 6.12 bg-bk |
IT270343 | 50 | 90 | 121.33 ± 1.89 ah-as | 18.54 ± 0.94 l-af | 22.67 ± 1.53 p-z | 57.32 ± 2.35 ag-al | 25.00 ± 7.08 bl-bo |
IT270346 | 48 | 85 | 126.67 ± 4.03 ab-an | 20.58 ± 0.28 e-q | 22.00 ± 1.00 q-aa | 74.93 ± 4.92 n-ah | 25.43 ± 7.12 bj-bl |
IT270349 | 56 | 91 | 115.33 ± 4.50 ak-au | 18.93 ± 0.18 j-ad | 22.67 ± 1.15 p-z | 58.59 ± 5.66 ae-al | 24.90 ± 7.08 bm-bp |
IT270366 | 70 | 109 | 93.33 ± 2.49 ay-ba | 22.60 ± 0.71 b-g | 28.00 ± 1.00 g-n | 76.32 ± 7.73 n-ag | 25.00 ± 7.08 bl-bo |
IT278444 | 50 | 93 | 109.67 ± 5.31 ap-ax | 19.18 ± 0.46 h-ac | 22.67 ± 0.58 p-z | 69.80 ± 5.59 q-aj | 28.07 ± 7.12 ao-as |
IT278445 | 53 | 93 | 114.00 ± 3.27 ak-av | 16.73 ± 0.49 x-ap | 23.00 ± 2.00 o-z | 77.97 ± 3.62 m-ae | 29.60 ± 7.08 aa-ae |
IT286399 | 52 | 90 | 113.00 ± 2.94 am-av | 16.40 ± 0.36 z-aq | 21.67 ± 1.15 r-aa | 65.56 ± 1.05 u-ak | 23.07 ± 8.12 bu |
IT286403 | 52 | 90 | 127.67 ± 3.09 ab-am | 17.39 ± 0.77 r-an | 18.67 ± 2.31 z-ab | 52.26 ± 4.79 aj-al | 32.10 ± 8.14 h-m |
IT286412 | 53 | 91 | 140.67 ± 0.94 w-ae | 17.19 ± 0.75 s-an | 18.00 ± 1.00 aa-ab | 69.33 ± 6.31 q-aj | 30.43 ± 8.12 t-x |
IT286423 | 50 | 90 | 108.33 ± 4.99 aq-ay | 18.55 ± 0.10 l-af | 20.67 ± 2.08 t-aa | 67.63 ± 3.82 t-aj | 28.07 ± 8.12 ao-as |
IT286424 | 52 | 90 | 105.33 ± 8.34 as-ba | 17.93 ± 0.90 p-al | 20.67 ± 1.15 t-aa | 75.08 ± 8.85 n-ah | 25.00 ± 8.08 bl-bo |
IT286446 | 53 | 91 | 132.67 ± 7.04 z-ai | 21.98 ± 0.55 c-i | 23.00 ± 1.00 o-z | 80.22 ± 1.33 l-ab | 29.43 ± 8.05 ac-ag |
IT286448 | 70 | 109 | 212.33 ± 6.13 i-j | 17.75 ± 0.31 p-al | 42.33 ± 2.52 b | 151.42 ± 6.65 a | 28.78 ± 8.12 ai-al |
IT297192 | 62 | 101 | 130.00 ± 8.16 a-ak | 13.92 ± 0.20 ap-as | 21.33 ± 1.53 s-aa | 78.55 ± 4.73 m-ad | 29.63 ± 9.52 aa-ae |
IT300032 | 53 | 91 | 125.33 ± 3.40 ad-ap | 17.77 ± 0.44 p-al | 20.00 ± 0.00 v-ab | 59.10 ± 1.93 ad-al | 29.90 ± 0.08 z-ac |
IT300088 | 56 | 93 | 122.33 ± 2.05 ag-ar | 17.77 ± 0.11 p-al | 21.33 ± 2.31 s-aa | 57.81 ± 3.67 ag-al | 28.90 ± 0.16 ah-ak |
IT320893 | 56 | 95 | 110.00 ± 6.38 ao-ax | 15.04 ± 1.27 ak-as | 19.67 ± 3.21 w-ab | 63.11 ± 8.82 x-al | 27.93 ± 2.12 ap-au |
IT320897 | 53 | 90 | 107.67 ± 5.56 aq-az | 14.54 ± 0.42 an-as | 18.00 ± 2.00 aa-ab | 64.50 ± 4.18 v-al | 30.90 ± 2.08 q-t |
IT320898 | 70 | 106 | 224.67 ± 10.87 h-i | 14.90 ± 1.41 al-as | 34.00 ± 3.61 c-e | 126.51 ± 16.19 b-d | 35.30 ± 2.16 c |
IT322510 | 56 | 100 | 141.00 ± 8.60 w-ad | 17.56 ± 0.54 q-an | 21.33 ± 1.53 s-aa | 66.36 ± 1.75 u-ak | 30.20 ± 2.22 u-z |
IT322513 | 50 | 90 | 117.00 ± 2.94 ai-at | 16.35 ± 0.15 aa-aq | 25.00 ± 1.00 k-t | 68.18 ± 1.23 s-aj | 26.67 ± 2.12 az-bc |
IT322530 | 48 | 88 | 120.00 ± 4.55 ah-as | 19.80 ± 0.78 f-x | 24.33 ± 1.15 m-v | 66.23 ± 6.20 u-ak | 30.97 ± 2.17 q-s |
IT322531 | 48 | 90 | 126.00 ± 4.08 ab-ao | 21.46 ± 0.87 d-l | 22.67 ± 1.53 p-z | 67.96 ± 7.41 t-aj | 33.90 ± 2.16 d |
IT322533 | 50 | 88 | 113.33 ± 5.25 al-av | 19.32 ± 0.35 h-ab | 23.33 ± 1.53 o-y | 66.60 ± 4.08 u-ak | 27.13 ± 2.12 aw-az |
IT322546 | 50 | 90 | 123.00 ± 4.90 af-aq | 17.53 ± 0.11 q-an | 20.33 ± 1.53 u-aa | 61.91 ± 7.01 aa-al | 27.30 ± 2.16 av-ay |
IT322549 | 70 | 106 | 92.67 ± 1.89 az-ba | 25.76 ± 0.35 a | 26.00 ± 2.78 i-r | 113.10 ± 2.54 d-g | 25.70 ± 2.16 bg-bj |
IT322554 | 52 | 91 | 108.00 ± 5.89 aq-ay | 15.33 ± 0.88 ag-as | 20.33 ± 0.58 u-aa | 59.89 ± 5.65 ac-al | 30.90 ± 2.08 q-t |
IT322555 | 62 | 105 | 121.33 ± 0.94 ah-as | 17.10 ± 0.90 t-an | 23.33 ± 0.58 o-y | 86.51 ± 12.07 j-t | 32.13 ± 2.17 h-l |
IT322558 | 68 | 109 | 129.33 ± 6.13 aa-al | 17.58 ± 0.20 q-am | 20.67 ± 1.15 t-aa | 83.32 ± 3.96 k-w | 29.13 ± 2.17 ae-aj |
IT322570 | 62 | 105 | 106.67 ± 4.64 ar-ba | 15.17 ± 0.25 aj-as | 20.67 ± 1.15 t-aa | 58.18 ± 4.85 ae-al | 31.67 ± 2.17 l-o |
IT322571 | 63 | 105 | 109.67 ± 3.30 ap-ax | 17.34 ± 0.79 r-an | 21.67 ± 1.53 r-aa | 67.98 ± 7.64 t-aj | 30.57 ± 2.17 r-v |
IT322572 | 52 | 90 | 110.67 ± 3.30 an-ax | 19.12 ± 0.20 h-ac | 22.67 ± 2.31 p-z | 62.53 ± 2.20 y-al | 24.83 ± 2.12 bn-bq |
IT322578 | 52 | 90 | 111.67 ± 3.40 am-aw | 19.10 ± 0.77 h-ac | 23.00 ± 1.73 o-z | 57.60 ± 3.66 ag-al | 29.53 ± 2.05 aa-af |
IT322580 | 57 | 101 | 149.67 ± 2.87 u-y | 20.72 ± 0.64 e-p | 22.00 ± 1.00 q-aa | 71.31 ± 10.06 p-aj | 31.03 ± 2.12 p-r |
IT322613 | 74 | 113 | 96.33 ± 2.05 aw-ba | 20.38 ± 0.93 f-r | 28.33 ± 1.53 g-m | 72.75 ± 5.08 o-ai | 26.03 ± 2.17 be-bh |
IT322621 | 56 | 99 | 145.67 ± 4.19 u-z | 19.93 ± 0.67 f-w | 25.00 ± 1.73 k-t | 71.97 ± 1.29 o-aj | 26.03 ± 2.17 be-bh |
IT322622 | 52 | 99 | 127.67 ± 3.40 ab-am | 21.29 ± 0.68 d-n | 23.33 ± 0.58 o-y | 76.57 ± 4.43 m-ag | 28.20 ± 2.22 an-aq |
IT329008 | 50 | 90 | 116.67 ± 0.47 ai-at | 19.37 ± 0.23 h-aa | 22.00 ± 1.73 q-aa | 67.70 ± 2.78 t-aj | 28.70 ± 2.08 ai-am |
IT329026 | 48 | 90 | 120.67 ± 2.87 ah-as | 18.53 ± 0.11 l-af | 23.33 ± 0.58 o-y | 69.60 ± 2.58 q-aj | 28.53 ± 2.12 ak-ao |
IT329047 | 63 | 105 | 243.00 ± 1.63 d-f | 18.94 ± 0.23 j-ad | 26.33 ± 4.16 i-q | 110.10 ± 6.12 d-h | 29.43 ± 2.12 ac-ag |
IT329048 | 62 | 106 | 170.67 ± 9.88 q-s | 15.20 ± 0.85 ai-as | 42.00 ± 1.00 b | 135.68 ± 11.22 b | 28.10 ± 2.16 ao-as |
IT329049 | 57 | 100 | 256.67 ± 15.46 c-d | 16.87 ± 0.51 v-ap | 37.33 ± 5.13 c | 159.93 ± 24.19 a | 26.30 ± 2.29 bc-bf |
IT329050 | 53 | 91 | 233.33 ± 17.00 f-h | 17.76 ± 0.85 p-al | 33.67 ± 1.53 c-e | 130.97 ± 13.41 b-c | 29.60 ± 2.08 a-ae |
IT329053 | 47 | 88 | 141.33 ± 4.92 w-ac | 18.65 ± 0.25 l-ae | 24.67 ± 2.52 l-u | 58.85 ± 3.17 ad-al | 32.30 ± 2.16 g-j |
IT329056 | 56 | 98 | 135.00 ± 6.16 y-ah | 18.62 ± 0.19 l-ae | 22.33 ± 1.53 q-aa | 82.50 ± 6.57 k-x | 34.10 ± 2.16 d |
IT329063 | 52 | 90 | 110.33 ± 2.49 ao-ax | 18.08 ± 0.50 o-ak | 20.00 ± 0.00 v-ab | 57.76 ± 3.83 ag-al | 28.13 ± 2.17 ao-as |
IT329064 | 52 | 90 | 114.67 ± 1.70 ak-av | 18.27 ± 0.46 m-ah | 19.67 ± 0.58 w-ab | 59.06 ± 6.24 ad-al | 28.63 ± 2.12 aj-an |
IT329074 | 56 | 93 | 114.00 ± 7.87 ak-av | 17.79 ± 0.96 p-al | 24.00 ± 2.65 m-w | 77.81 ± 7.09 m-af | 28.23 ± 2.12 am-ap |
IT329076 | 47 | 88 | 126.67 ± 2.36 ab-an | 18.24 ± 0.29 n-ai | 23.33 ± 2.52 o-y | 71.70 ± 3.14 p-aj | 22.03 ± 2.12 bv-bw |
IT329077 | 63 | 105 | 174.33 ± 12.50 o-r | 24.32 ± 0.73 a-c | 24.00 ± 2.65 m-w | 73.69 ± 7.32 o-ai | 30.50 ± 2.16 s-w |
IT329078 | 50 | 90 | 130.00 ± 3.27 aa-ak | 18.38 ± 0.90 m-ag | 24.00 ± 2.65 m-w | 75.83 ± 6.20 n-ag | 25.50 ± 2.16 bi-bk |
IT329082 | 53 | 90 | 125.00 ± 3.56 ae-ap | 18.84 ± 0.91 j-ae | 26.00 ± 1.00 i-r | 68.06 ± 3.69 t-aj | 27.70 ± 2.16 aq-av |
IT329085 | 70 | 107 | 203.33 ± 4.71 j-l | 18.75 ± 1.32 j-ae | 30.00 ± 2.00 e-j | 93.49 ± 15.44 h-n | 27.47 ± 2.12 au-ax |
IT329089 | 48 | 90 | 95.67 ± 6.65 ax-ba | 21.32 ± 0.48 d-m | 28.00 ± 1.00 g-n | 55.74 ± 11.74 ah-al | 21.90 ± 2.08 bw |
IT329090 | 47 | 88 | 112.00 ± 1.63 am-av | 16.62 ± 0.59 y-ap | 20.67 ± 1.15 t-aa | 57.75 ± 3.78 ag-al | 24.47 ± 2.17 bp-bs |
IT329108 | 56 | 98 | 240.67 ± 8.99 e-g | 18.18 ± 0.32 o-aj | 37.33 ± 5.51 c | 157.67 ± 8.11 a | 27.50 ± 2.08 at-aw |
IT329120 | 56 | 98 | 112.33 ± 5.25 am-av | 17.66 ± 0.82 p-al | 22.00 ± 1.00 q-aa | 65.71 ± 4.62 u-ak | 32.57 ± 2.09 f-h |
IT329124 | 53 | 90 | 103.00 ± 3.56 at-ba | 18.54 ± 0.71 l-af | 21.67 ± 2.08 r-aa | 63.87 ± 4.87 v-al | 32.73 ± 2.21 f-g |
IT331874 | 52 | 90 | 120.00 ± 4.24 ah-as | 18.54 ± 0.56 l-af | 23.00 ± 1.00 o-z | 66.09 ± 3.00 u-ak | 27.97 ± 3.12 ap-at |
IT331878 | 56 | 95 | 55.33 ± 4.11 bc | 17.36 ± 0.64 r-an | 16.00 ± 2.00 a-b | 35.50 ± 3.60 am | 27.07 ± 3.17 aw-az |
IT331882 | 47 | 88 | 127.00 ± 8.04 ab-am | 16.85 ± 0.48 w-ap | 22.33 ± 2.08 q-aa | 68.96 ± 7.34 q-aj | 32.87 ± 3.54 e-f |
IT331889 | 50 | 90 | 113.67 ± 3.30 al-av | 17.28 ± 0.62 s-an | 19.00 ± 2.65 y-zb | 58.52 ± 3.06 ae-al | 29.93 ± 3.05 y-zb |
IT331894 | 47 | 88 | 108.33 ± 2.87 aq-ay | 17.73 ± 0.90 p-al | 19.33 ± 0.58 x-ab | 58.10 ± 3.56 ae-al | 28.33 ± 3.31 al-ap |
IT331896 | 48 | 90 | 125.33 ± 4.64 ad-ap | 17.03 ± 0.86 u-ao | 21.67 ± 1.53 r-aa | 67.22 ± 8.47 t-ak | 26.00 ± 3.08 bf-bh |
IT331899 | 48 | 88 | 127.00 ± 2.45 ab-am | 19.04 ± 0.35 h-ac | 22.67 ± 0.58 p-z | 67.80 ± 7.06 t-aj | 24.47 ± 3.05 bp-bs |
IT331904 | 57 | 100 | 137.67 ± 9.84 x-ag | 21.46 ± 0.87 d-l | 27.33 ± 2.08 g-o | 84.99 ± 7.80 j-u | 26.30 ± 3.08 bc-bf |
IT331907 | 62 | 100 | 243.67 ± 10.66 d-f | 19.71 ± 0.48 g-x | 26.00 ± 3.61 i-r | 103.28 ± 16.24 e-j | 33.30 ± 3.16 e |
IT331921 | 62 | 105 | 143.33 ± 1.25 v-aa | 21.69 ± 0.98 c-k | 22.33 ± 3.21 q-aa | 67.46 ± 6.86 t-aj | 34.03 ± 3.12 d |
IT331922 | 62 | 104 | 102.00 ± 2.83 at-ba | 23.43 ± 0.11 a-e | 24.67 ± 3.51 l-u | 82.13 ± 12.36 k-y | 30.13 ± 3.12 v-z |
IT331936 | 70 | 109 | 99.33 ± 0.94 av-ba | 25.32 ± 0.68 ab | 27.00 ± 1.00 h-p | 99.56 ± 9.56 f-k | 25.93 ± 3.05 bf-bi |
IT331937 | 47 | 90 | 114.00 ± 2.16 ak-va | 17.53 ± 0.08 q-an | 22.00 ± 2.65 q-aa | 65.64 ± 4.55 u-ak | 32.87 ± 3.12 e-f |
IT331938 | 57 | 99 | 137.33 ± 4.11 x-ag | 18.99 ± 0.42 i-ad | 21.67 ± 1.53 r-aa | 88.22 ± 5.34 i-q | 30.00 ± 3.08 x-aa |
IT331962 | 47 | 90 | 122.67 ± 3.30 af-ar | 18.17 ± 0.02 o-aj | 20.00 ± 2.00 q-aa | 63.06 ± 11.44 x-al | 30.03 ± 3.09 w-aa |
IT331963 | 47 | 90 | 120.67 ± 1.70 ah-as | 15.27 ± 0.92 ah-as | 21.67 ± 2.08 r-aa | 68.49 ± 6.70 r-aj | 28.93 ± 3.05 ag-ak |
IT331978 | 47 | 84 | 186.33 ± 2.62 m-p | 15.54 ± 0.55 af-as | 30.33 ± 1.53 e-i | 88.16 ± 3.94 i-r | 31.63 ± 3.26 m-o |
IT331988 | 62 | 101 | 174.00 ± 9.93 o-r | 17.25 ± 0.16 s-an | 34.00 ± 0.00 c-e | 160.43 ± 25.98 a | 31.13 ± 3.12 p-q |
IT332014 | 62 | 104 | 263.33 ± 4.71 b-c | 19.45 ± 0.10 h-z | 30.00 ± 2.00 e-j | 113.09 ± 11.40 d-g | 30.67 ± 3.26 q-u |
IT332024 | 56 | 95 | 196.67 ± 17.00 k-m | 18.66 ± 0.66 l-ae | 22.67 ± 2.31 p-z | 73.75 ± 3.28 o-ai | 29.80 ± 3.08 z-ad |
IT332042 | 47 | 88 | 114.33 ± 4.03 ak-av | 18.64 ± 0.25 l-ae | 23.00 ± 1.73 o-z | 71.07 ± 2.36 q-aj | 29.00 ± 3.08 ag-ak |
IT332046 | 56 | 98 | 184.67 ± 11.12 m-q | 19.62 ± 0.97 g-y | 27.00 ± 2.65 h-p | 88.53 ± 8.46 i-q | 31.67 ± 3.12 l-o |
IT340260 | 74 | 109 | 271.33 ± 13.82 b | 23.33 ± 0.04 a-e | 26.00 ± 3.46 i-r | 115.44 ± 12.22 c-f | 27.97 ± 4.25 ap-at |
IT340261 | 71 | 109 | 228.50 ± 6.36 g-h | 21.13 ± 0.88 d-o | 37.50 ± 3.12 c | 120.62 ± 5.66 b-e | 25.40 ± 4.07 bj-bl |
ITK276521 | 47 | 88 | 209.00 ± 7.87 j-k | 16.13 ± 0.73 ac-aq | 34.67 ± 2.08 c-d | 98.08 ± 7.60 f-l | 31.60 ± 2.08 n-o |
IT231310 | 47 | 90 | 108.00 ± 6.53 aq-ay | 18.72 ± 0.36 k-ae | 22.33 ± 3.21 q-aa | 69.63 ± 1.79 q-aj | 28.90 ± 3.08 ah-ak |
Nampungchal | 56 | 98 | 132.00 ± 3.56 z-ai | 18.53 ± 0.33 l-af | 22.33 ± 2.08 q-aa | 88.16 ± 5.45 i-r | 30.63 ± 2.09 r-u |
Wheatland | 47 | 88 | 77.00 ± 0.82 bb | 21.04 ± 0.54 d-o | 21.33 ± 2.31 s-aa | 47.95 ± 3.83 ak-am | 37.93 ± 2.17 a |
Sodamchal | 62 | 104 | 91.67 ± 2.49 ba | 24.52 ± 0.38 a-c | 27.00 ± 1.00 h-p | 81.13 ± 7.89 k-aa | 30.53 ± 3.21 r-v |
Total range | 40–74 | 77–113 | 55.33–294.67 | 12.72–25.76 | 16.00–51.33 | 35.50–160.43 | 21.90–38.20 |
Total mean | 53.48 | 93.10 | 147.83 | 18.40 | 25.65 | 78.31 | 28.71 |
CV (%) | 13.62 | 8.41 | 32.49 | 13.76 | 22.65 | 27.67 | 10.80 |
IT-Number | TTC (mg CE/g) | TPC (mg GAE/g) | ABTS (mg TE/g) | DPPH (mg AAE/g) | FRAP (mg AAE/g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IT028365 | 179.94 ± 5.09 av-aw | 7.65 ± 0.07 n | 24.15 ± 1.19 ap-av | 13.93 ± 0.17 aq-as | 10.91 ± 0.11 w-z |
IT100010 | 140.75 ± 4.48 bd-be | 3.24 ± 0.01 bk | 6.87 ± 0.40 bl-bm | 3.22 ± 0.05 bi-bj | 2.17 ± 0.03 b-c |
IT100018 | 120.16 ± 1.61 bf | 3.01 ± 0.05 bl | 4.92 ± 0.28 bn | 2.44 ± 0.10 bk | 1.76 ± 0.05 b-c |
IT100024 | 45.76 ± 0.00 bn | 3.81 ± 0.04 bi | 10.06 ± 0.73 bj | 4.49 ± 0.05 bg | 3.43 ± 0.01 az-ba |
IT100045 | 83.46 ± 0.35 bi-bj | 3.29 ± 0.07 bk | 7.68 ± 0.26 bl | 3.24 ± 0.09 bi-bj | 2.26 ± 0.09 bb-bc |
IT100046 | 47.00 ± 2.30 bn | 3.72 ± 0.03 bi-bj | 10.07 ± 0.65 bj | 4.01 ± 0.05 bh | 3.25 ± 0.12 az-ba |
IT100047 | 180.93 ± 3.00 av-aw | 6.00 ± 0.01 am-ap | 20.97 ± 0.19 ay-ba | 9.76 ± 0.20 ax-az | 6.95 ± 0.20 au-av |
IT100073 | 80.73 ± 1.05 bj | 5.10 ± 0.04 ba | 17.51 ± 0.81 bd-be | 8.11 ± 0.32 bb | 6.04 ± 0.12 aw |
IT100074 | 140.50 ± 3.35 b-e | 6.05 ± 0.07 al-an | 20.75 ± 0.26 ay-ba | 10.29 ± 0.13 az | 7.55 ± 0.12 at-au |
IT100090 | 91.64 ± 1.95 bh-bi | 5.86 ± 0.04 ao-ar | 20.58 ± 0.45 az-ba | 10.27 ± 0.20 az | 7.14 ± 0.12 au-av |
IT100143 | 282.86 ± 1.95 r-v | 8.83 ± 0.11 e-f | 31.51 ± 1.08 t-x | 17.41 ± 0.26 za-ac | 13.07 ± 0.48 m-o |
IT100177 | 66.16 ± 1.15 bl-bm | 4.64 ± 0.02 bd | 16.07 ± 0.40 bf-bg | 6.67 ± 0.09 bd-be | 4.96 ± 0.12 ax-ay |
IT103099 | 377.60 ± 3.79 e | 2.44 ± 0.04 bn | 8.03 ± 0.07 bk-bl | 3.08 ± 0.02 bj | 2.27 ± 0.04 bb-bc |
IT103452 | 122.64 ± 4.05 bf | 4.32 ± 0.06 be | 18.44 ± 0.38 bc-bd | 7.92 ± 0.09 bb | 5.97 ± 0.23 aw |
IT103496 | 76.45 ± 2.13 bj-bk | 3.99 ± 0.06 bh | 16.65 ± 0.15 be-bf | 7.99 ± 0.32 bb | 5.48 ± 0.18 aw-ax |
IT103970 | 151.91 ± 4.05 bb-bc | 4.26 ± 0.07 be-bf | 17.30 ± 0.28 bd-bf | 3.66 ± 0.00 bh-bi | 6.01 ± 0.07 aw |
IT104574 | 114.89 ± 3.28 bf-bg | 4.11 ± 0.09 bf-bh | 17.73 ± 0.57 bc-be | 6.24 ± 0.07 be | 5.39 ± 0.19 aw-ax |
IT104594 | 46.94 ± 1.15 bn | 2.70 ± 0.01 bm | 9.25 ± 0.20 bj-bk | 15.88 ± 0.21 ak-am | 2.86 ± 0.03 ba-bb |
IT104963 | 61.32 ± 0.18 bl-bm | 3.60 ± 0.02 bj | 14.86 ± 0.41 bg-bh | 9.86 ± 0.13 ax-ay | 5.43 ± 0.17 aw-ax |
IT113294 | 119.97 ± 0.93 bf | 2.31 ± 0.03 bn-bo | 7.39 ± 0.36 bl-bm | 1.75 ± 0.00 bl | 2.12 ± 0.01 bc |
IT134976 | 344.81 ± 12.25 g-i | 5.92 ± 0.11 an-aq | 32.62 ± 0.14 p-t | 13.65 ± 0.10 ar-as | 13.71 ± 0.33 k-m |
IT158264 | 162.52 ± 2.27 ay-ba | 4.84 ± 0.01 bb-bc | 25.29 ± 0.38 aj-ap | 9.93 ± 0.12 ax-ay | 10.51 ± 0.59 y-ab |
IT158265 | 224.06 ± 0.90 ai-am | 4.89 ± 0.03 bb | 26.67 ± 0.23 ah-ak | 10.03 ± 0.17 ax-ay | 10.77 ± 0.17 x-aa |
IT162843 | 398.27 ± 2.08 c | 4.09 ± 0.05 bf-bh | 22.03 ± 0.03 aw-ay | 8.85 ± 0.14 ba | 8.45 ± 0.15 an-as |
IT162877 | 26.24 ± 1.23 bo | 1.57 ± 0.02 br | 1.64 ± 0.01 bo | 0.48 ± 0.01 bn | 0.63 ± 0.02 bd |
IT180549 | 197.05 ± 3.31 ar-au | 5.11 ± 0.02 ba | 27.28 ± 0.14 af-ai | 11.11 ± 0.10 aw | 11.40 ± 0.33 t-x |
IT180614 | 350.38 ± 2.73 gh | 4.70 ± 0.01 bc-bd | 25.11 ± 0.46 al-aq | 9.33 ± 0.20 az-ba | 9.28 ± 0.10 af-al |
IT185760 | 217.93 ± 2.74 al-am | 5.63 ± 0.05 as-av | 31.07 ± 0.14 u-y | 12.68 ± 0.01 at | 13.17 ± 0.12 m-o |
IT185796 | 69.09 ± 1.23 bk-bl | 2.86 ± 0.03 bl-bm | 13.23 ± 0.12 bi | 3.91 ± 0.03 bh | 4.67 ± 0.20 ay |
IT185807 | 164.88 ± 1.20 ax-az | 3.62 ± 0.04 bj | 18.23 ± 0.40 b-d | 7.27 ± 0.18 b-c | 8.01 ± 0.28 aq-at |
IT185812 | 186.88 ± 2.24 au-av | 4.73 ± 0.06 bb-bd | 24.62 ± 0.24 an-at | 9.52 ± 0.15 ay-az | 10.24 ± 0.16 za-ad |
IT185813 | 154.72 ± 0.59 az-bc | 4.08 ± 0.06 bf-bh | 20.24 ± 0.23 ba-bb | 7.81 ± 0.13 bb | 8.54 ± 0.12 an-ar |
IT185816 | 132.16 ± 2.66 be | 4.64 ± 0.03 bd | 23.05 ± 0.42 au-ax | 9.58 ± 0.04 ay-az | 9.69 ± 0.05 ac-ai |
IT195442 | 209.30 ± 1.75 an-ap | 6.21 ± 0.07 aj-al | 33.17 ± 0.10 o-r | 14.53 ± 0.13 ao-ap | 14.39 ± 0.23 ij |
IT208560 | 83.33 ± 1.01 bi-bj | 2.91 ± 0.05 bl | 13.30 ± 0.66 bi | 5.38 ± 0.23 bf | 5.54 ± 0.11 aw-ax |
IT208562 | 195.93 ± 1.68 as-au | 6.45 ± 0.04 ac-ah | 34.42 ± 0.18 m-o | 15.43 ± 0.27 am-an | 17.02 ± 0.20 d-f |
IT208566 | 108.77 ± 6.85 bg | 4.24 ± 0.21 be-bf | 19.97 ± 1.01 ba-bb | 8.26 ± 0.56 bb | 8.79 ± 0.56 ak-ap |
IT208567 | 171.99 ± 6.12 aw-ay | 5.23 ± 0.05 ay-ba | 27.30 ± 0.37 af-ai | 11.04 ± 0.22 aw | 11.37 ± 0.08 t-x |
IT208568 | 198.72 ± 1.04 aq-at | 3.98 ± 0.05 bh | 19.02 ± 0.45 bb-bc | 6.99 ± 0.24 bc-bd | 7.84 ± 0.32 as-at |
IT208901 | 178.53 ± 2.13 av-aw | 4.04 ± 0.04 bg-bh | 20.33 ± 0.03 ba-bb | 7.25 ± 0.04 bc | 7.84 ± 0.39 as-at |
IT221619 | 196.35 ± 1.68 ar-au | 6.67 ± 0.01 x-aa | 36.21 ± 0.44 j-k | 16.02 ± 0.22 ai-al | 17.30 ± 0.30 c-f |
IT230297 | 265.22 ± 3.43 yz | 6.24 ± 0.03 ai-ak | 33.34 ± 0.08 n-q | 14.18 ± 0.01 ap-aq | 14.41 ± 0.29 i-j |
IT235850 | 241.58 ± 9.33 ad-ag | 7.76 ± 0.26 m-n | 37.16 ± 0.83 i-j | 17.23 ± 0.67 aa-ad | 12.00 ± 0.38 r-t |
IT235856 | 209.41 ± 4.10 an-ap | 7.46 ± 0.12 o | 33.34 ± 0.64 n-q | 16.82 ± 0.34 ad-ag | 11.90 ± 0.40 r-u |
IT251882 | 264.96 ± 4.97 yz | 9.00 ± 0.05 c-d | 43.88 ± 0.20 b | 24.83 ± 0.86 f | 15.20 ± 1.02 h |
IT262553 | 149.72 ± 2.06 bc-bd | 5.55 ± 0.09 au-av | 24.90 ± 0.52 al-ar | 10.85 ± 0.22 aw | 8.28 ± 0.22 ap-as |
IT262554 | 146.97 ± 2.37 bc-bd | 5.52 ± 0.04 av-aw | 25.55 ± 0.17 aj-ap | 10.94 ± 0.12 aw | 7.86 ± 0.21 as-at |
IT262557 | 199.50 ± 1.17 ap-at | 7.33 ± 0.04 o-q | 35.54 ± 0.37 k-m | 16.59 ± 0.17 ae-ah | 11.43 ± 0.39 t-x |
IT262566 | 223.16 ± 5.06 aj-am | 6.01 ± 0.09 am-ap | 27.71 ± 0.21 ae-ah | 12.04 ± 0.13 au | 8.56 ± 0.28 am-ar |
IT262570 | 282.29 ± 9.34 s-v | 6.47 ± 0.04 ab-ah | 32.31 ± 0.08 p-u | 13.65 ± 0.12 ar-as | 9.26 ± 0.13 af-am |
IT262576 | 194.55 ± 1.35 at-au | 5.21 ± 0.07 ay-ba | 24.41 ± 0.18 ao-au | 9.92 ± 0.06 ax-ay | 7.16 ± 0.32 au-av |
IT264998 | 261.94 ± 1.03 yz-ab | 7.18 ± 0.03 q-s | 35.39 ± 0.30 k-m | 15.88 ± 0.14 ak-am | 10.76 ± 0.28 x-aa |
IT270343 | 295.76 ± 2.37 p-q | 7.76 ± 0.06 m-n | 38.71 ± 0.32 g-h | 17.24 ± 0.00 aa-ad | 11.96 ± 0.09 r-t |
IT270346 | 288.34 ± 4.12 q-t | 7.22 ± 0.03 q-r | 35.97 ± 0.28 j-l | 15.93 ± 0.02 aj-am | 11.33 ± 0.31 t-x |
IT270349 | 383.50 ± 5.09 d-e | 10.23 ± 0.08 a | 67.60 ± 1.06 a | 31.99 ± 0.16 a | 20.38 ± 0.31 b |
IT270366 | 0.48 ± 0.00 bp | 1.17 ± 0.01 bs | 2.56 ± 0.14 bo | 0.89 ± 0.02 bm-bn | 0.89 ± 0.01 bd |
IT278444 | 209.68 ± 3.83 an-ap | 7.26 ± 0.07 p-r | 38.23 ± 3.18 hi | 15.92 ± 0.15 aj-am | 11.19 ± 0.13 u-y |
IT278445 | 277.06 ± 1.35 u-x | 8.24 ± 0.04 j | 39.87 ± 0.22 e-g | 18.61 ± 0.13 x | 13.54 ± 0.42 l-n |
IT286399 | 350.22 ± 4.87 g-h | 3.61 ± 0.02 bj | 27.24 ± 0.53 ag-ai | 11.37 ± 0.16 av-aw | 7.93 ± 0.47 ar-at |
IT286403 | 227.28 ± 4.49 ai-al | 6.16 ± 0.08 ak-am | 25.77 ± 0.90 aj-ao | 12.58 ± 0.07 at | 8.60 ± 0.39 ak-ar |
IT286412 | 260.29 ± 2.72 za-ab | 6.61 ± 0.07 y-ad | 26.16 ± 0.54 ai-am | 13.43 ± 0.17 as | 10.29 ± 0.26 za-ac |
IT286423 | 178.05 ± 5.39 av-aw | 5.92 ± 0.13 an-aq | 25.22 ± 2.36 ak-ap | 12.18 ± 0.14 at-au | 8.98 ± 0.03 ai-ap |
IT286424 | 179.98 ± 6.65 av-aw | 5.97 ± 0.07 an-ap | 26.25 ± 0.32 ai-al | 12.29 ± 0.02 at-au | 8.82 ± 0.10 aj-ap |
IT286446 | 253.96 ± 3.50 aa-ac | 7.67 ± 0.03 n | 34.65 ± 0.32 l-n | 17.28 ± 0.18 aa-ad | 12.27 ± 0.17 p-r |
IT286448 | 267.16 ± 12.85 x-z | 9.31 ± 0.12 b | 41.50 ± 0.36 c-d | 27.00 ± 0.81 c | 16.80 ± 0.57 f-g |
IT297192 | 231.28 ± 1.85 ag-aj | 6.89 ± 0.04 u-w | 32.24 ± 0.75 p-u | 21.80 ± 0.22 mn | 12.16 ± 0.34 q-s |
IT300032 | 293.24 ± 2.52 p-r | 6.29 ± 0.07 ah-ak | 29.25 ± 0.65 za-ad | 19.94 ± 0.31 tu | 10.77 ± 0.13 x-aa |
IT300088 | 220.08 ± 2.96 ak-am | 5.07 ± 0.06 ba | 21.77 ± 0.26 ax-az | 14.61 ± 0.06 ao-ap | 7.81 ± 0.10 as-at |
IT320893 | 300.13 ± 5.94 o-p | 5.45 ± 0.04 av-ax | 23.41 ± 0.18 ar-aw | 15.95 ± 0.29 aj-am | 8.75 ± 0.16 ak-ap |
IT320897 | 262.66 ± 10.61 y-aa | 6.81 ± 0.04 v-x | 30.89 ± 0.35 u-y | 21.40 ± 0.06 no | 12.27 ± 0.16 p-r |
IT320898 | 161.00 ± 3.92 az-bb | 5.47 ± 0.19 av-ax | 22.10 ± 0.60 aw-ay | 16.31 ± 0.49 ag-ak | 9.31 ± 0.33 af-ak |
IT322510 | 230.64 ± 2.39 ah-ak | 6.60 ± 0.01 za-ad | 28.40 ± 0.63 ac-ag | 21.01 ± 0.23 o-q | 11.78 ± 0.26 r-u |
IT322513 | 281.40 ± 1.26 s-v | 7.19 ± 0.04 q-r | 35.51 ± 0.16 k-m | 22.59 ± 0.06 kl | 13.55 ± 0.19 l-m |
IT322530 | 343.04 ± 2.18 h-i | 5.45 ± 0.02 h-i | 24.09 ± 0.73 ap-av | 16.26 ± 0.22 ah-ak | 9.00 ± 0.26 ai-ao |
IT322531 | 300.29 ± 3.06 o-p | 5.86 ± 0.05 ao-ar | 26.07 ± 0.19 ai-an | 17.70 ± 0.03 z-aa | 9.82 ± 0.02 ab-ag |
IT322533 | 243.45 ± 0.91 ac-af | 5.58 ± 0.04 at-av | 23.16 ± 0.12 at-ax | 16.25 ± 0.04 ah-ak | 9.95 ± 0.09 ab-af |
IT322546 | 299.01 ± 0.99 o-p | 6.64 ± 0.12 x-ac | 28.47 ± 0.62 ac-ag | 20.72 ± 0.16 p-s | 11.90 ± 0.42 r-u |
IT322549 | 329.11 ± 2.75 j-k | 8.58 ± 0.06 h | 40.45 ± 0.26 d-f | 23.55 ± 0.05 g-i | 17.58 ± 0.63 c-e |
IT322554 | 218.16 ± 1.96 al-an | 6.59 ± 0.10 za-ae | 29.71 ± 0.30 y-ad | 21.09 ± 0.06 o-p | 12.23 ± 0.34 p-r |
IT322555 | 277.55 ± 8.10 t-w | 7.90 ± 0.10 k-m | 36.81 ± 0.51 jk | 23.42 ± 0.09 g-i | 15.23 ± 0.09 h |
IT322558 | 308.13 ± 4.01 n-o | 8.57 ± 0.01 h | 39.54 ± 0.25 e-h | 23.51 ± 0.04 g-i | 17.64 ± 0.14 c-d |
IT322570 | 229.52 ± 2.84 ah-ak | 6.76 ± 0.07 w-z | 29.26 ± 0.39 za-ad | 21.85 ± 0.18 m-n | 12.37 ± 0.17 p-r |
IT322571 | 270.51 ± 1.04 w-z | 7.42 ± 0.03 o-p | 33.52 ± 1.12 n-p | 22.79 ± 0.25 j-k | 13.92 ± 0.36 j-l |
IT322572 | 214.79 ± 1.71 am-ao | 6.46 ± 0.09 ab-ah | 28.75 ± 0.82 ab-af | 19.67 ± 0.08 u-v | 11.19 ± 0.08 u-y |
IT322578 | 313.26 ± 4.24 m-n | 6.79 ± 0.12 w-y | 31.71 ± 0.94 r-w | 21.27 ± 0.13 o | 12.30 ± 0.08 p-r |
IT322580 | 428.95 ± 4.73 a | 8.77 ± 0.10 e-g | 40.80 ± 0.61 c-e | 23.57 ± 0.02 g-h | 17.68 ± 0.48 c |
IT322613 | 0.12 ± 0.00 bp | 2.04 ± 0.02 bp | 1.84 ± 0.05 bo | 0.95 ± 0.01 bm-bn | 0.63 ± 0.03 bd |
IT322621 | 174.29 ± 4.34 aw-ax | 5.71 ± 0.02 ar-au | 25.28 ± 0.37 aj-ap | 17.04 ± 0.06 ab-ae | 9.14 ± 0.15 ag-an |
IT322622 | 248.90 ± 2.83 ac-ae | 6.89 ± 0.10 u-w | 31.90 ± 0.76 q-v | 22.46 ± 0.33 k-l | 12.71 ± 0.71 o-q |
IT329008 | 282.70 ± 6.18 r-v | 7.37 ± 0.11 o-q | 29.36 ± 1.41 za-ad | 20.30 ± 0.21 s-t | 11.03 ± 0.15 v-y |
IT329026 | 266.55 ± 1.78 y-z | 6.64 ± 0.01 x-ac | 24.87 ± 0.30 al-as | 18.60 ± 0.13 x | 9.72 ± 0.26 ac-ah |
IT329047 | 252.18 ± 9.59 ab-ac | 8.67 ± 0.21 f-h | 38.30 ± 0.76 hi | 27.55 ± 0.48 b | 15.29 ± 0.94 h |
IT329048 | 233.93 ± 12.59 af-ai | 8.40 ± 0.02 i | 34.40 ± 0.27 m-o | 25.79 ± 0.26 e | 14.79 ± 0.16 hi |
IT329049 | 266.55 ± 3.20 y-z | 7.20 ± 0.05 q-r | 28.42 ± 0.19 ac-ag | 20.94 ± 0.10 o-q | 11.71 ± 0.21 r-v |
IT329050 | 151.08 ± 3.68 bb-bc | 6.40 ± 0.07 ae-ai | 23.67 ± 0.25 aq-av | 17.41 ± 0.11 z-ac | 9.85 ± 0.11 ab-ag |
IT329053 | 409.72 ± 8.46 b | 7.43 ± 0.12 o-p | 28.95 ± 0.88 aa-ae | 20.54 ± 0.35 q-s | 10.77 ± 0.41 x-aa |
IT329056 | 353.76 ± 11.25 g | 7.87 ± 0.02 l-m | 32.73 ± 0.87 p-t | 22.79 ± 0.34 j-k | 11.82 ± 0.16 r-u |
IT329063 | 249.76 ± 1.05 ac-ad | 7.09 ± 0.04 r-t | 26.78 ± 0.48 ah-aj | 19.33 ± 0.05 v | 10.31 ± 0.21 za-ac |
IT329064 | 197.43 ± 4.41 aq-au | 6.50 ± 0.11 aa-ag | 22.69 ± 0.51 av-ax | 16.53 ± 0.28 ae-ai | 9.68 ± 0.22 ac-ai |
IT329074 | 335.03 ± 6.28 ij | 8.81 ± 0.02 e-f | 36.08 ± 0.62 jk | 26.99 ± 0.11 c | 15.23 ± 0.19 h |
IT329076 | 238.61 ± 0.79 ae-ah | 7.00 ± 0.05 s-u | 28.27 ± 0.31 ad-ag | 18.28 ± 0.27 x-y | 9.90 ± 0.27 ab-af |
IT329077 | 320.82 ± 3.76 k-m | 8.89 ± 0.09 d-e | 36.18 ± 0.64 jk | 26.28 ± 0.28 d | 14.23 ± 0.19 i-k |
IT329078 | 201.95 ± 1.83 ap-at | 6.91 ± 0.11 u-w | 26.76 ± 0.36 ah-aj | 17.68 ± 0.25 z-aa | 10.18 ± 0.12 aa-ae |
IT329082 | 193.88 ± 1.27 at-au | 6.77 ± 0.13 w-z | 24.71 ± 0.15 am-as | 16.86 ± 0.25 ac-af | 9.49 ± 0.45 ae-aj |
IT329085 | 33.67 ± 1.24 bo | 2.31 ± 0.01 bn-bo | 24.44 ± 0.21 ao-au | 3.93 ± 0.19 bh | 2.09 ± 0.10 bc |
IT329089 | 156.90 ± 2.69 az-bc | 4.20 ± 0.08 be-bg | 14.13 ± 0.68 bh-bi | 8.94 ± 0.14 ba | 5.11 ± 0.15 ax-ay |
IT329090 | 249.43 ± 5.65 ac-ad | 5.31 ± 0.06 ax-az | 18.37 ± 0.22 bc-bd | 11.83 ± 0.17 au-av | 7.01 ± 0.14 au-av |
IT329108 | 171.92 ± 2.57 aw-ay | 6.44 ± 0.11 ad-ah | 23.62 ± 0.35 aq-av | 16.46 ± 0.14 af-aj | 9.56 ± 0.38 ad-ai |
IT329120 | 296.27 ± 1.58 p-q | 8.04 ± 0.15 k-l | 31.62 ± 0.48 s-w | 21.92 ± 0.08 m-n | 12.27 ± 0.17 p-r |
IT329124 | 283.19 ± 0.00 r-u | 6.38 ± 0.07 af-aj | 24.05 ± 0.28 ap-av | 15.69 ± 0.20 al-am | 8.49 ± 0.18 an-as |
IT331874 | 365.79 ± 0.79 f | 8.06 ± 0.09 k | 33.04 ± 0.15 o-s | 21.90 ± 0.28 m-n | 12.33 ± 0.23 p-r |
IT331878 | 346.50 ± 6.44 g-h | 9.08 ± 0.04 c | 39.22 ± 0.27 f-h | 27.77 ± 0.13 b | 16.31 ± 0.23 g |
IT331882 | 323.87 ± 3.38 k-l | 6.05 ± 0.07 al-ao | 30.35 ± 0.36 w-aa | 21.27 ± 0.12 o | 10.51 ± 0.22 y-ab |
IT331889 | 272.22 ± 4.46 v-y | 5.93 ± 0.07 an-aq | 29.84 ± 0.22 y-ac | 20.85 ± 0.33 o-r | 9.81 ± 0.19 ab-ag |
IT331894 | 342.15 ± 4.57 h-i | 5.36 ± 0.02 aw-ay | 25.12 ± 0.77 al-aq | 18.30 ± 0.15 x-y | 8.59 ± 0.25 al-ar |
IT331896 | 346.59 ± 2.61 g-h | 6.60 ± 0.01 y-ad | 30.47 ± 0.16 v-z | 23.01 ± 0.01 i-k | 12.33 ± 0.19 p-r |
IT331899 | 224.65 ± 6.13 ai-am | 5.15 ± 0.08 az-ba | 21.89 ± 0.22 ax-az | 17.95 ± 0.43 y-z | 8.68 ± 0.18 ak-aq |
IT331904 | 318.37 ± 7.54 l-m | 7.33 ± 0.12 o-q | 32.72 ± 0.29 p-t | 23.69 ± 0.05 g-h | 14.72 ± 0.30 h-i |
IT331907 | 285.36 ± 3.45 r-u | 6.99 ± 0.02 t-v | 31.80 ± 0.38 r-w | 23.54 ± 0.04 g-i | 13.31 ± 0.19 l-o |
IT331921 | 198.21 ± 1.76 aq-at | 6.65 ± 0.08 x-ab | 29.71 ± 0.86 y-ad | 23.15 ± 0.09 h-j | 12.03 ± 0.29 q-t |
IT331922 | 334.88 ± 0.87 i-j | 7.13 ± 0.04 r-t | 30.97 ± 0.26 u-y | 23.55 ± 0.08 g-i | 12.92 ± 0.10 n-p |
IT331936 | 388.25 ± 7.24 d | 7.99 ± 0.07 k-l | 36.99 ± 0.35 i-j | 23.69 ± 0.01 g-h | 16.99 ± 0.24 e-f |
IT331937 | 206.90 ± 1.53 ao-ar | 5.57 ± 0.12 at-av | 26.20 ± 0.42 ai-am | 19.24 ± 0.13 v-w | 9.68 ± 0.20 ac-ai |
IT331938 | 265.83 ± 2.39 y-z | 6.45 ± 0.06 ac-ah | 28.74 ± 0.70 ab-af | 22.57 ± 0.12 k-l | 11.76 ± 0.17 r-u |
IT331962 | 282.52 ± 2.39 r-v | 6.35 ± 0.10 ag-aj | 28.41 ± 0.73 ac-ag | 22.10 ± 0.06 l-m | 11.48 ± 0.46 s-w |
IT331963 | 224.48 ± 7.33 ai-am | 5.25 ± 0.03 ay-ba | 22.06 ± 0.21 aw-ay | 17.66 ± 0.14 z-aa | 8.34 ± 0.20 ao-as |
IT331978 | 153.66 ± 0.50 ba-bc | 4.62 ± 0.01 bd | 17.80 ± 0.11 bc-be | 15.01 ± 0.08 an-ao | 6.84 ± 0.13 av |
IT331988 | 197.32 ± 3.70 aq-au | 5.82 ± 0.05 ap-ar | 23.39 ± 0.36 as-aw | 19.58 ± 0.09 u-v | 9.06 ± 0.12 ah-an |
IT332014 | 239.74 ± 5.67 ad-ah | 6.66 ± 0.01 x-ab | 30.15 ± 0.26 x-ab | 23.01 ± 0.15 i-k | 12.72 ± 0.15 o-q |
IT332024 | 253.94 ± 7.18 aa-ac | 6.59 ± 0.14 za-ae | 28.58 ± 0.72 ac-ag | 22.74 ± 0.16 j-k | 12.26 ± 0.25 p-r |
IT332042 | 291.57 ± 10.51 p-s | 5.75 ± 0.11 aq-at | 25.30 ± 0.45 aj-ap | 19.36 ± 0.14 v | 9.06 ± 0.46 ah-an |
IT332046 | 206.19 ± 4.11 ao-as | 5.76 ± 0.05 aq-as | 25.67 ± 0.21 aj-ao | 20.35 ± 0.08 r-t | 9.92 ± 0.20 ab-af |
IT340260 | 285.53 ± 1.96 r-u | 6.56 ± 0.02 aa-af | 29.40 ± 0.40 za-ad | 22.62 ± 0.14 j-l | 11.72 ± 0.44 r-v |
IT340261 | 415.58 ± 1.00 b | 8.62 ± 0.01 gh | 41.89 ± 0.79 c | 23.80 ± 0.01 g | 21.56 ± 0.52 a |
K276521 | 93.95 ± 1.53 bh | 2.25 ± 0.06 bo | 9.79 ± 0.45 bj | 5.10 ± 0.07 bf | 3.57 ± 0.03 az |
IT231310 | 208.06 ± 17.61 an-aq | 4.85 ± 0.38 bb-bc | 30.66 ± 2.47 v-z | 14.01 ± 1.35 aq-ar | 9.76 ± 0.99 ac-ah |
Nampungchal | 323.36 ± 0.73 k-l | 6.31 ± 0.03 ag-ak | 39.85 ± 0.42 e-g | 18.79 ± 0.17 wx | 13.72 ± 0.35 k-m |
Wheatland | 58.61 ± 2.15 bm | 1.82 ± 0.14 bq | 6.14 ± 0.31 bm-bn | 1.05 ± 0.05 bm | 1.90 ± 0.07 bc |
Sodamchal | 241.15 ± 3.30 ad-ag | 5.74 ± 0.07 aq-at | 36.79 ± 0.17 jk | 17.57 ± 0.33 z-ab | 12.41 ± 0.33 p-r |
Total range | 0.12–428.95 | 1.17–10.23 | 1.64–67.60 | 0.48–31.99 | 0.63–21.56 |
Total mean | 224.35 | 5.96 | 26.41 | 15.55 | 10.06 |
CV (%) | 41.12 | 29.93 | 36.13 | 44.61 | 40.04 |
Days to Maturity | Thousand-Seed Weight | Total Tannin Content | Total Phenolic Content | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Landrace | >105 Days | Landrace | >35.00 g | Landrace | >350 mg CE/g | Landrace | >8.5 mg GAE/g | |||
IT322613 | 113 | IT113294 | 38.20 | IT322580 | 428.95 | IT270349 | 10.23 | |||
IT331936 | 109 | IT208567 | 36.90 | IT340261 | 415.58 | IT286448 | 9.31 | |||
IT340260 | 109 | IT320898 | 35.30 | IT329053 | 409.72 | IT331878 | 9.08 | |||
IT270366 | 109 | <23.00 g | IT162843 | 398.27 | IT251882 | 9.00 | ||||
IT340261 | 109 | IT100143 | 22.93 | IT331936 | 388.25 | IT329077 | 8.89 | |||
IT286448 | 109 | IT185812 | 22.37 | IT270349 | 383.50 | IT100143 | 8.83 | |||
IT322558 | 109 | IT329076 | 22.03 | IT103099 | 377.60 | IT329074 | 8.81 | |||
IT329085 | 107 | IT329089 | 21.90 | IT331874 | 365.79 | IT322580 | 8.77 | |||
IT322549 | 106 | IT329056 | 353.76 | IT329047 | 8.67 | |||||
IT329048 | 106 | IT180614 | 350.38 | IT340261 | 8.62 | |||||
IT320898 | 106 | IT286399 | 350.22 | IT322549 | 8.58 | |||||
<80 days | <50 mg CE/g | IT322558 | 8.57 | |||||||
IT103099 | 78 | IT100046 | 47.00 | <2.5 mg GAE/g | ||||||
IT185796 | 77 | IT104594 | 46.94 | IT103099 | 2.44 | |||||
IT185816 | 77 | IT100024 | 45.76 | IT113294 | 2.31 | |||||
IT329085 | 33.67 | IT329085 | 2.31 | |||||||
IT162877 | 26.24 | K276521 | 2.25 | |||||||
IT270366 | 0.48 | IT322613 | 2.04 | |||||||
IT322613 | 0.12 | IT162877 | 1.57 | |||||||
IT270366 | 1.17 | |||||||||
Wheatland | 88 | 37.93 | 58.61 | 1.82 | ||||||
Nampungchal | 98 | 30.63 | 323.36 | 6.31 | ||||||
Sodamchal | 104 | 30.53 | 241.15 | 5.74 |
Variables | PC1 | PC2 | PC3 | PC4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
TTC | 10.21 | 6.78 | 3.48 | 0.05 |
TPC | 16.37 | 1.05 | 2.93 | 0.02 |
ABTS | 16.10 | 1.03 | 4.62 | 0.16 |
DPPH | 16.00 | 1.16 | 1.16 | 0.70 |
FRAP | 17.16 | 0.13 | 4.23 | 0.03 |
Days to panicle | 8.67 | 7.96 | 16.26 | 0.15 |
Days to maturity | 10.09 | 5.30 | 18.52 | 0.03 |
Stem height | 0.14 | 23.19 | 10.22 | 1.62 |
Stem thickness | 3.40 | 0.43 | 23.97 | 16.33 |
Panicle length | 0.18 | 27.17 | 6.42 | 1.29 |
Panicle width | 1.44 | 25.68 | 1.28 | 1.85 |
Thousand seed weight | 0.24 | 0.11 | 6.90 | 77.76 |
Eigenvalue | 5.05 | 2.78 | 1.29 | 1.06 |
Variability (%) | 42.06 | 23.16 | 10.73 | 8.86 |
Cumulative (%) | 42.06 | 65.21 | 75.94 | 84.80 |
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Lee, S.; Choi, Y.-M.; Shin, M.-J.; Yoon, H.; Wang, X.; Lee, Y.; Yi, J.; Desta, K.T. Agro-Morphological and Biochemical Characterization of Korean Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Landraces. Agronomy 2022, 12, 2898. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112898
Lee S, Choi Y-M, Shin M-J, Yoon H, Wang X, Lee Y, Yi J, Desta KT. Agro-Morphological and Biochemical Characterization of Korean Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Landraces. Agronomy. 2022; 12(11):2898. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112898
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Sukyeung, Yu-Mi Choi, Myoung-Jae Shin, Hyemyeong Yoon, Xiaohan Wang, Yoonjung Lee, Jungyoon Yi, and Kebede Taye Desta. 2022. "Agro-Morphological and Biochemical Characterization of Korean Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Landraces" Agronomy 12, no. 11: 2898. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112898