Biostimulant-Treated Seedlings under Sustainable Agriculture: A Global Perspective Facing Climate Change
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Source of Biostimulants
3. Biostimulant Applications for Crop Agronomy
4. Implications of Biostimulant for Abiotic Stress Tolerance
4.1. Drought
4.2. Salinity
4.3. Thermal Stress
5. Implication of Biostimulants on Antioxidant Potential
6. Role of Biostimulants on Nutrient Use Efficiency of Plants
7. Quality Commodity Ramification of Biostimulants for Agri-Production
8. Legal Framework and Limitation of using Biostimulants
9. Future Insights and Challenges
10. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Biostimulants | Bioactive Components |
---|---|
Algreen ® | Seaweed extract (Ascophyllum nodosum, Laminaria sp., Sargassum spp.,), alginic acid; free amino acids, plant hormones, vitamins |
Asahi SL (Atonik) ® | 0.1% sodium 5-nitroguaiacolate, 0.2% sodium ortho-nitrophenolate, and 0.3% sodium para-nitrophenolate |
Bio-algeenS-92 ® | A. nodosum extract |
Benefit ® | Free amino acids, vitamins, and nucleotides |
Biozyme ® | A. nodosum extract, chelated micronutrients, zeatin, GA3, and IAA |
Biplantol ®® | Universal macro-and microelements, uronic acids |
Bio Rhizotonic ® | Algae extract, vitamins |
Bio Root ® | Plant-based organic acids, soybean meal, alfalfa, rock phosphate, K-sulfate, and brewer’s yeast |
Ergonfill ® | Keratin derivatives, protein hydrolysates, and cysteine |
Equisetum extract (Acker-Schachtelhalm extrakt) | Flavonoids, plant acids, glycosides, Si |
Fermented plant extract (Fermentierter Pflanzenextrakt ®) | Lactic acid bacteria, sugarcane molasses, yeasts, photosynthetic bacteria, pepper extracts, grasses, and garlic |
Goëmar BM 86 ® | Algae A. nodosum extract |
Grow-plex SP ® | Liquid humate |
Kendal ® | Glutathione, protein hydrolysate, oligosaccharides, saponins, urea, |
KE-Plantasalva ® | Bio-molasses, herbs extracts |
Megafol ® | Auxin, amino acids, cytokines, gibberellins, betaines, vitamins |
Radifarm ® | Amino acids, betaines, glycosides, microelements, organic acids, polysaccharides, saponins, vitamins |
Roots 2 | Seaweed, vitamins, humic acid |
Root Juice | Fulvic acid, humic acid, seaweed extract |
Root & Shoot Builder | Amino acids, natural chelating agents, micronutrients, A. nodosum |
Ruter AA ® | Micro- and Macronutrients, amino acids, |
Slavol ® | Phosphate-mineralizing bacteria, auxins, nitrogen-fixing bacteria |
Tablet ® | Trichoderma atroviride and Rhizophagus intraradices spores |
Terra-Sorb ® | byproduct of enzymatic hydrolysis of amino acids |
Tytanit ® | Titanium ascorbate |
Stimulate ® | auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellic acid |
Retrosal ® | zinc and calcium |
Viva ® | Polysaccharides, proteins, polypeptides, amino acids, vitamin complexes, and humic acid |
Plant Species | Biostimulants | Developmental Stage | Expected Outcomes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) | Radifarm ® | Transplants | Enhanced roots growth | [52] |
Radifarm ® + Megafol ® | Transplants | Improved nutrients uptake and distribution | [53] | |
Bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) | Radifarm ® + Megafol ® | Fruit bearing | Increased macro- and micronutrient, especially Ca2+ ion concentration in leaves and fruits | [54] |
Benefit ®; Megafol ®; Radifarm ®; Viva ® | From transplanting to harvest | Improved fruit yield | [55] | |
Benefit ®; Megafol ®; Radifarm ®; Viva ® | 7th day seedlings | Increased fruit yield | [56] | |
Garden cress (Lepidium sativum) L. | Acker-Schachtelhalm Extract ®; Biplantol Universal ®; Fermentierter ® Pflanzenex trakt ®; KE-Plantasalva ® | Germination | Improved water uptake and seedling growth, germination rate | [57] |
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) | Radifarm ® | After transplanting | Increased seedling after transplanting | [44] |
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) | Bio-algeenS-90 ® | After transplanting | Improved growth and yield characteristics; Increased ascorbic acid content and dry matter and reduced pH | [58] |
Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch) | Megafol ® + Viva ® | Fruit bearing | Activated antioxidative defense mechanism; decreased NK fertilization; enhanced fresh and dry weight | [59] |
Kendal ® + Megafol ® + Viva ® | Flowering and fruit bearing | Increased fruit yield per plant | [60] | |
Porcine blood-based biostimulant | Before flowering and onset of fruit ripening | Enhanced frost resistance, fruit weight; non-significant effects on fruit yield | [61] | |
Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) | Radifarm ® | Transplants | Increased above ground parts and root biomass | [62] |
Dog rose (Rosa canina L.) | Radifarm ® | Robust growth in tissue culture | Enhanced root intensification | [63] |
Radifarm ® | After transplanting | Increased seedling growth after transplanting | [44] | |
Wax Begonia (Begonia semperflorens L.) | Radifarm ® | Transplants | Increased nutrient uptake with improved growth | [64] |
Radifarm ® | After transplanting | Positive effects on morphological traits; enhanced nutrient uptake and proline level | [65] | |
Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) | Radifarm ® | Germination | Enhanced seedling fresh weight and germination energy | [66] |
Primrose (Primula acaulis L.) | Radifarm ® | Transplants | Increased above ground parts and root intensification | [67] |
Scarlet sage (Salvia splendens L.) | Radifarm ® | Transplants | Improved root mass and above ground parts | [64] |
Source | Bioformulations | Plant Response |
---|---|---|
Consortium of beneficial fungi | Heteroconium chaetospira, Glomus viscosum, Glomus claroideum, Rhymbocarpus aggregatus, Glomus etunicatum, Trichoderma spp., Rhizophagus intraradices | The beneficial fungi promotes the growth and yield in tomato fruit [88] Stimulates protection against oxidative stress [89] |
Marine algal biopreparations | Gelidium pectinutum, Sargassum wightii, Enteromorpha intestinalis, A. nodosum, Ecklonia maxima | Enhanced antioxidant capacity, chelation, extended shelf life of fruits, thermal and drought resistance [39,88] |
Hydrolytic products | alfalfa hay, fruit and vegetable waste, pulses; natural and chemical (feathers, skin collagen animal tissue, casein, bone meal, fish waste | Improved yield [90], Enhanced NPK content and macro- and micronutrients in leaves [91,92] High protein content in cereals [91] Biotic and abiotic stresses tolerance [93] Improved soil fertility [94] |
Anaerobic digested products | Lignin biomass, plants, and animal | Auxin-like properties [71,95] Improved nutrient availability [96] |
Biostimulants Source | Cellular Mechanism | Physiological Mechanism | Agricultural Benefits | Environmental Benefits | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Humic acids | Induce proton pumping, ATPases activity promote cell elongation and cell wall loosening | Enhanced accumulation of root biomass | Enhanced nutrient efficiency and root foraging ability | Improved yield and reduced utilization of fertilizers | [159] |
Seaweed extracts | Upregulation of micronutrient transports encoding gens by application of A. nodosum (Brassica napus) | Increased root mass and mineral uptake | Enhanced accumulation of minerals in plant tissue | Biofortification of micronutrients (Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn) | [160] |
Protein hydrolysate | Stimulation of biosynthesis of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) via. enzymatic hydrolysis of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and accumulation of flavonoids under salt stress | Protection against oxidative damage and UV rays | Improved crop resistance to abiotic stress (salt stress) | Improved crop yield under stress conditions (high salinity) | [153,161] |
Glycine betaine | Protection against salt induced photodamage in quinoa | Maintenance of photosynthetic activity under salinity | Improved crop resistance to abiotic stress (salt stress) | Improved crop yield under stress conditions (high salinity) | [154,162] |
Plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria | Induced auxin signaling pathways in roots via. application of Azospirillum brasilense wheat (Triticum aestivum) | Improved root mass and intensity | Enhanced nutrient efficiency and root foraging ability | Improved yield and reduced utilization of fertilizers | [152] |
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Malik, A.; Mor, V.S.; Tokas, J.; Punia, H.; Malik, S.; Malik, K.; Sangwan, S.; Tomar, S.; Singh, P.; Singh, N.; et al. Biostimulant-Treated Seedlings under Sustainable Agriculture: A Global Perspective Facing Climate Change. Agronomy 2021, 11, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010014
Malik A, Mor VS, Tokas J, Punia H, Malik S, Malik K, Sangwan S, Tomar S, Singh P, Singh N, et al. Biostimulant-Treated Seedlings under Sustainable Agriculture: A Global Perspective Facing Climate Change. Agronomy. 2021; 11(1):14. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010014
Chicago/Turabian StyleMalik, Anurag, Virender S. Mor, Jayanti Tokas, Himani Punia, Shweta Malik, Kamla Malik, Sonali Sangwan, Saurabh Tomar, Pradeep Singh, Nirmal Singh, and et al. 2021. "Biostimulant-Treated Seedlings under Sustainable Agriculture: A Global Perspective Facing Climate Change" Agronomy 11, no. 1: 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010014