Genotypic Variability of Photosynthetic Parameters in Maize Ear-Leaves at Different Cadmium Levels in Soil
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Soil Preparation
2.2. Plant Material and Growth Conditions
2.3. Chlorophyll Fluorescence Measurements
2.4. Photosynthetic Pigments and Dry Weight Analysis
2.5. ICP-OES Analysis—Plant Material and Soil
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. ICP Analysis for Cd and Zn
3.2. Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Transients
3.3. JIP-Test Parameters
3.4. Photosynthetic Pigments and Dry Weight
3.5. Correlation Analysis between JIP-Test Parameters and Trace-Metal Concentrations
4. Discussion
4.1. Effects of Cd on O-J-I-P Transients
4.2. Effects of Cd on JIP-Test Parameters
4.3. Performance of Light Utilization in Cd Stressed Plants
4.4. Photosynthetic Pigments
4.5. ICP-OES Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Element | Value | Element | Value |
---|---|---|---|
pHKCl | 6.99 ± 0.03 | Cu (mg kg–1) | 24.00 ± 0.19 |
pHH2O | 8.05 ± 0.02 | Fe (mg kg–1) | 29358.75 ± 208.80 |
Organic matter (%) | 2.57 ± 0.08 | Mn (mg kg–1) | 676.05 ± 5.53 |
P2O5-AL (%) | 29.58 ± 0.64 | Zn (mg kg–1) | 69.40 ± 0.64 |
K2O-AL (%) | 25.60 ± 3.43 | Ni (mg kg–1) | 31.32 ± 0.22 |
CaCO3 (%) | 1.26 ± 0 | Co (mg kg–1) | 13.83 ± 0.11 |
Pb (mg/kg) | 20.50 ± 0.20 | Cr (mg kg–1) | 44.87 ± 0.56 |
Cd Excluders | Cd Non-Excluders | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
B73 | B84 | Mo17 | Os6-2 | |
Dry weight (%) | ||||
Control | 25.25 ± 0.06 a | 23.38 ± 0.04 c | 20.35 ± 0.49 c | 21.95 ± 0.07 b |
Cd0.5 | 22.80 ± 0.19 c | 22.98 ± 0.18 d | 22.89 ± 0.21 b | 21.20 ± 0.27 c |
Cd1 | 20.95 ± 0.08 d | 25.84 ± 0.01 a | 23.26 ± 0.03 b | 22.40 ± 0.08 b |
Cd5 | 23.90 ± 0.08 b | 25.32 ± 0.15 b | 24.14 ± 0.05 a | 24.90 ± 0.10 a |
LSD0.05 | 0.3742 | 0.8805 | 0.3894 | 0.4971 |
Chl a/DW | ||||
Control | 5.01 ± 0.13 b | 4.66 ± 0.87 c | 5.71 ± 0.21 a | 4.85 ± 0.03 a |
Cd0.5 | 5.27 ± 0.07 b | 6.04 ± 0.06 a | 4.40 ± 0.07 b | 4.90 ± 0.04 a |
Cd1 | 5.88 ± 0.07 a | 5.46 ± 0.16 b | 4.35 ± 0.03 b | 4.13 ± 0.04 b |
Cd5 | 4.33 ± 0.07 c | 4.53 ± 0.06 c | 3.52 ± 0.05 c | 3.74 ± 0.02 c |
LSD0.05 | 0.2912 | 0.3769 | 0.3680 | 0.1172 |
Chl b/DW | ||||
Control | 1.40 ± 0.05 b | 1.36 ± 0.32 b | 1.56 ± 0.01 a | 1.30 ± 0.06 a |
Cd0.5 | 1.34 ± 0.02 b | 1.75 ± 0.02 a | 1.18 ± 0.03 b | 1.32 ± 0.06 a |
Cd1 | 1.63 ± 0.01 a | 1.66 ± 0.06 a | 1.15 ± 0.00 b | 1.10 ± 0.04 b |
Cd5 | 1.09 ± 0.02 c | 1.22 ± 0.04 b | 0.95 ± 0.02 c | 0.96 ± 0.03 c |
LSD0.05 | 0.0961 | 0.0568 | 0.1480 | 0.0616 |
Chl a + b/DW | ||||
Control | 6.41 ± 0.08 b | 6.01 ± 1.18 c | 7.27 ± 0.21 a | 6.15 ± 0.06 a |
Cd0.5 | 6.61 ± 0.09 b | 7.79 ± 0.05 a | 5.57 ± 0.09 b | 6.22 ± 0.06 a |
Cd1 | 7.51 ± 0.06 a | 7.13 ± 0.09 b | 5.50 ± 0.02 b | 5.24 ± 0.04 b |
Cd5 | 5.42 ± 0.09 c | 5.76 ± 0.11 c | 4.47 ± 0.07 c | 4.70 ± 0.03 c |
LSD0.05 | 0.2590 | 0.3927 | 0.2830 | 0.1603 |
Car/DW | ||||
Control | 1.32 ± 0.03 c | 1.27 ± 0.27 b | 1.35 ± 0.04 a | 1.25 ± 0.02 a |
Cd0.5 | 1.40 ± 0.01 b | 1.59 ± 0.01 a | 1.09 ± 0.01 c | 1.23 ± 0.02 a |
Cd1 | 1.70 ± 0.02 a | 1.54 ±0.04 a | 1.23 ± 0.01 b | 1.25 ± 0.01 a |
Cd5 | 1.42 ± 0.02 b | 1.30 ± 0.02 b | 0.99 ± 0.01 d | 1.16 ± 0.00 b |
LSD0.05 | 0.0641 | 0.0726 | 0.0820 | 0.0485 |
Chl a/Chl b/DW | ||||
Control | 14.25 ± 0.86 b | 14.75 ± 0.46 ab | 18.03 ± 1.00 a | 16.96 ± 0.24 ab |
Cd0.5 | 17.26 ± 0.16 a | 15.03 ± 0.40 a | 16.33 ± 0.31 ab | 17.50 ± 0.12 a |
Cd1 | 17.23 ± 0.32 a | 12.76 ± 0.85 b | 16.24 ± 0.17 b | 16.73 ± 0.31 b |
Cd5 | 16.64 ± 0.18 a | 14.68 ± 0.37 b | 15.27 ± 0.19 b | 15.60 ± 0.22 c |
LSD0.05 | 1.556 | 1.763 | 1.652 | 0.7586 |
Chl a + b/Car/DW | ||||
Control | 19.27 ± 0.13 b | 20.23 ± 0.78 b | 26.39 ± 0.65 a | 22.49 ± 0.17 b |
Cd0.5 | 20.71 ± 0.29 a | 21.33 ± 0.20 a | 22.39 ± 0.27 b | 23.91 ± 0.17 a |
Cd1 | 21.11 ± 0.09 a | 17.87 ± 0.20 c | 19.30 ± 0.05 c | 18.66 ± 0.04 c |
Cd5 | 15.98 ± 0.08 c | 17.51 ± 0.06 c | 18.74 ± 0.05 c | 16.27 ± 0.14 d |
LSD0.05 | 0.5611 | 1.149 | 0.5218 | 0.4589 |
Variable | VJ | Mo | TRo/ABS | ETo/ABS | Eto/Tro |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zn (mg kg−1) | 0.67 ** | 0.74 *** | −0.65 ** | −0.67 ** | −0.67 ** |
Cd (mg kg–1) | 0.73 *** | 0.82 *** | −0.76 *** | −0.74 *** | −0.73 *** |
Soil Cd (mg kg–1) | 0.51 * | 0.55 * | −0.54 * | −0.52 * | −0.51 * |
Variable | RC/CSo | RC/ABS | TRo/DIo | ETo/(TRo-ETo) | PIabs |
Zn (mg kg–1) | −0.63 ** | −0.67 ** | −0.54 * | −0.54 * | −0.52 * |
Cd (mg kg–1) | −0.58 * | −0.79 *** | −0.65 ** | −0.59 * | −0.60 * |
Soil Cd (mg kg–1) | −0.20 n.s. | −0.58 * | −0.44 n.s. | −0.45 n.s. | −0.44 n.s. |
Variable | ABS/RC | TRo/RC | ETo/RC | DIo/RC | DIo/CSo |
Zn (mg kg–1) | 0.75 *** | 0.71 ** | −0.60 * | 0.73 ** | 0.48 n.s. |
Cd (mg kg–1) | 0.86 *** | 0.81 *** | −0.62 ** | 0.84 *** | 0.64 ** |
Soil Cd (mg kg–1) | 0.59 * | 0.56 * | −0.40 n.s. | 0.59 * | 0.56 * |
Variable | PItotal | φDo | Zn (mg kg–1) | Cd (mg kg–1) | Soil Cd (mg kg–1) |
Zn (mg kg–1) | −0.34 n.s. | 0.62 n.s. | 0.65 *** | 0.34 n.s. | |
Cd (mg kg–1) | −0.46 * | 0.73 ** | 0.65 *** | 0.63 ** | |
Soil Cd (mg kg–1) | −0.40 n.s. | 0.53 n.s. | 0.34 n.s. | 0.63 ** |
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Franić, M.; Galić, V.; Lončarić, Z.; Šimić, D. Genotypic Variability of Photosynthetic Parameters in Maize Ear-Leaves at Different Cadmium Levels in Soil. Agronomy 2020, 10, 986. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10070986
Franić M, Galić V, Lončarić Z, Šimić D. Genotypic Variability of Photosynthetic Parameters in Maize Ear-Leaves at Different Cadmium Levels in Soil. Agronomy. 2020; 10(7):986. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10070986
Chicago/Turabian StyleFranić, Mario, Vlatko Galić, Zdenko Lončarić, and Domagoj Šimić. 2020. "Genotypic Variability of Photosynthetic Parameters in Maize Ear-Leaves at Different Cadmium Levels in Soil" Agronomy 10, no. 7: 986. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10070986