Recent Advances in the 3D Printing of Conductive Hydrogels for Sensor Applications: A Review

Liang, Xiaoxu; Zhang, Minghui; Chong, Cheong-Meng; Lin, Danlei; Chen, Shiji; Zhen, Yumiao; Ding, Hongyao; Zhong, Hai-Jing

doi:10.3390/polym16152131

Open AccessReview

Recent Advances in the 3D Printing of Conductive Hydrogels for Sensor Applications: A Review

by

Xiaoxu Liang

¹

,

Minghui Zhang

¹,

Cheong-Meng Chong

²,

Danlei Lin

³,

Shiji Chen

³

,

Yumiao Zhen

³,

Hongyao Ding

^4,*

and

Hai-Jing Zhong

^3,*

¹

Foundation Department, Guangzhou Maritime University, Guangzhou 510725, China

²

State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China

³

State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China

⁴

College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Polymers 2024, 16(15), 2131; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16152131

Submission received: 24 June 2024 / Revised: 21 July 2024 / Accepted: 24 July 2024 / Published: 26 July 2024

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of Applications of Polymer-Based Sensors and Actuators)

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Abstract

Conductive hydrogels, known for their flexibility, biocompatibility, and conductivity, have found extensive applications in fields such as healthcare, environmental monitoring, and soft robotics. Recent advancements in 3D printing technologies have transformed the fabrication of conductive hydrogels, creating new opportunities for sensing applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements in the fabrication and application of 3D-printed conductive hydrogel sensors. First, the basic principles and fabrication techniques of conductive hydrogels are briefly reviewed. We then explore various 3D printing methods for conductive hydrogels, discussing their respective strengths and limitations. The review also summarizes the applications of 3D-printed conductive hydrogel-based sensors. In addition, perspectives on 3D-printed conductive hydrogel sensors are highlighted. This review aims to equip researchers and engineers with insights into the current landscape of 3D-printed conductive hydrogel sensors and to inspire future innovations in this promising field.

Keywords: conductive hydrogels; 3D printing; sensors; application; fabrication

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MDPI and ACS Style

Liang, X.; Zhang, M.; Chong, C.-M.; Lin, D.; Chen, S.; Zhen, Y.; Ding, H.; Zhong, H.-J. Recent Advances in the 3D Printing of Conductive Hydrogels for Sensor Applications: A Review. Polymers 2024, 16, 2131. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16152131

AMA Style

Liang X, Zhang M, Chong C-M, Lin D, Chen S, Zhen Y, Ding H, Zhong H-J. Recent Advances in the 3D Printing of Conductive Hydrogels for Sensor Applications: A Review. Polymers. 2024; 16(15):2131. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16152131

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liang, Xiaoxu, Minghui Zhang, Cheong-Meng Chong, Danlei Lin, Shiji Chen, Yumiao Zhen, Hongyao Ding, and Hai-Jing Zhong. 2024. "Recent Advances in the 3D Printing of Conductive Hydrogels for Sensor Applications: A Review" Polymers 16, no. 15: 2131. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16152131

APA Style

Liang, X., Zhang, M., Chong, C.-M., Lin, D., Chen, S., Zhen, Y., Ding, H., & Zhong, H.-J. (2024). Recent Advances in the 3D Printing of Conductive Hydrogels for Sensor Applications: A Review. Polymers, 16(15), 2131. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16152131

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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Recent Advances in the 3D Printing of Conductive Hydrogels for Sensor Applications: A Review

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