Organophosphorus Polyurethane Ionomers as Water Vapor Permeable and Pervaporation Membranes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Solvents and Reagents
2.2. Synthetic Procedures
2.2.1. General Procedure for Synthesis of Amino Ethers of Ortho-Phosphoric Acid (AEPA-PEG-400)
2.2.2. General Procedure for Synthesis of Amino Ethers of Ortho-Phosphoric Acid (AEPA-(3 ÷ 6)-PPG-400/1000/2000)
2.2.3. General Procedure for Synthesis of Ethers of Ortho-Phosphoric Acid (EPA-(3 ÷ 6)-PPG-1000)
2.2.4. General Procedure for Synthesis of Polyurethanes Based on Amino Ethers of Ortho-Phosphoric Acid and Ethers of Ortho-Phosphoric Acid (AEPA-(3 ÷ 6)-PPG-1000/2000-PU, EPA-(3 ÷ 6)-PPG-1000-PU, AEPA-PEG-400-PU).
2.3. Manufacturing of Pervaporation Membranes
2.4. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis (FTIR)
2.5. Viscosity and Density Measurements
2.6. Measurements of the Surface Tension
2.7. Tensile Stress–Strain Measurements
2.8. Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA)
2.9. Mechanical Loss Tangent Measurements (MLT)
2.10. Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA)
2.11. The Densitometer
2.12. Water Adsorption
2.13. Water Vapor Permeability (WVP) Measurements
2.14. Pervaporation Processes
3. Results
3.1. Membranes Based on AEPA-PPG-1000/2000-PU
3.1.1. Water vapor permeability of AEPA-PPG-1000/2000-PU
3.1.2. Surface-Active Properties of AEPA-PPG-1000/2000
3.1.3. Study of AEPA-PPG-1000-PU as Pervaporation Membranes for the Separation of Isopropanol/Water Mixtures
3.1.4. Thermogravimetric Analysis of AEPA-PU
3.1.5. Thermomechanical Analysis of AEPA-PPG-1000-PU and EPA-PPG-1000-PU
3.2. Membranes Based on AEPA-PEG-400-PU
3.2.1. Surface-Active Properties of AEPA-PPG-400/1000 and AEPA-PEG-400
3.2.2. Study of the Viscosity and Density of AEPA-PPG-400/1000 and AEPA-PEG-400
3.2.3. Thermogravimetric Analysis of AEPA-PEG-400-PU
3.2.4. Thermomechanical Analysis of AEPA-PEG-400-PU
3.2.5. Tensile Stress–Strain Analysis of AEPA-PEG-400-PU
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Polyurethane | Water in Permeate, wt.% | Flux, g/m2·h | Separation Factor | PSI, g/m2·h |
---|---|---|---|---|
Feed temperature, 40 °C | ||||
AEPA-3-PPG-1000-PU | 84.4 | 880 | 51 | 44 |
AEPA-4-PPG-1000-PU | 83.2 | 1021 | 49 | 49 |
AEPA-5-PPG-1000-PU | 82.8 | 1145 | 52 | 58.4 |
AEPA-6-PPG-1000-PU | 80.9 | 1250 | 45 | 52.8 |
AEPA-3-PEG-400-PU | 96.4 | 653 | 151 | 98.0 |
AEPA-4-PEG-400-PU | 96.3 | 805 | 148 | 118.3 |
AEPA-5-PEG-400-PU | 90.9 | 2039 | 56 | 112.2 |
AEPA-6-PEG-400-PU | 90.1 | 1580 | 65 | 101.1 |
Feed temperature, 60 °C | ||||
AEPA-3-PPG-1000-PU | 83.0 | 1800 | 28 | 48.6 |
AEPA-4-PPG-1000-PU | 82.0 | 2551 | 26 | 56.3 |
AEPA-5-PPG-1000-PU | 81.1 | 2655 | 24 | 74.3 |
AEPA-6-PPG-1000-PU | 79.1 | 2853 | 21 | 57.1 |
AEPA-3-PEG-400-PU | 92.7 | 1859 | 72 | 132.0 |
AEPA-4-PEG-400-PU | 92.6 | 2298 | 71 | 161.0 |
AEPA-5-PEG-400-PU | 90.5 | 3734 | 54 | 197.9 |
AEPA-6-PEG-400-PU | 89.2 | 2624 | 62 | 160.0 |
Polyurethane * | T5% (°C) | T10% (°C) | T50% (°C) | Coke Content at 600 °C, wt.% |
---|---|---|---|---|
AEPA-3-PPG-1000-PU | 278/271 | 292/284 | 369/394 | 5/2 |
AEPA-4-PPG-1000-PU | 275/266 | 292/283 | 381/414 | 3.5/6 |
AEPA-5-PPG-1000-PU | 277/268 | 293/282 | 378/410 | 4/6 |
AEPA-6-PPG-1000-PU | 280/263 | 294/284 | 383/401 | 5/6 |
Polyurethane * | T5% (°C) | T10% (°C) | T50% (°C) | Coke Content at 600 °C, wt.% |
---|---|---|---|---|
AEPA-3-PPG-1000-PU | 308/296 | 322/313 | 362/364 | 17/20 |
AEPA-4-PPG-1000-PU | 235/295 | 268/309 | 310/352 | 16/19.1 |
AEPA-5-PPG-1000-PU | 220/291 | 243/308 | 300/349 | 14/18.5 |
AEPA-6-PPG-1000-PU | 275/294 | 300/312 | 350/350 | 15/16 |
EPA-3-PPG-1000-PU | 300/298 | 317/318 | 365/372 | 18/26 |
EPA-4-PPG-1000-PU | 295/298 | 311/316 | 355/368 | 17/21 |
EPA-5-PPG-1000-PU | 280/296 | 301/318 | 350/359 | 16/16.7 |
EPA-6-PPG-1000-PU | 280/282 | 300/300 | 350/350 | 17/16.3 |
Polyurethane | Density, g/cm3 |
---|---|
AEPA-3-PEG-400-PU | 1.193 |
AEPA-4-PEG-400-PU | 1.194 |
AEPA-5-PEG-400-PU | 1.223 |
AEPA-6-PEG-400-PU | 1.229 |
AEPA-3-PPG-1000-PU | 1.175 |
AEPA-4-PPG-1000-PU | 1.184 |
AEPA-5-PPG-1000-PU | 1.185 |
AEPA-6-PPG-1000-PU | 1.189 |
Polyurethane | T5% (°C) | T10% (°C) | T50% (°C) | Coke Content at 600 °C, wt.% |
---|---|---|---|---|
AEPA-3-PEG-400-PU | 291 | 315 | 383 | 26.5 |
AEPA-4-PEG-400-PU | 292 | 316 | 385 | 27.5 |
AEPA-5-PEG-400-PU | 296 | 313 | 390 | 28.5 |
AEPA-6-PEG-400-PU | 290 | 309 | 398 | 30.0 |
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Davletbaeva, I.M.; Sazonov, O.O.; Zakirov, I.N.; Gumerov, A.M.; Klinov, A.V.; Fazlyev, A.R.; Malygin, A.V. Organophosphorus Polyurethane Ionomers as Water Vapor Permeable and Pervaporation Membranes. Polymers 2021, 13, 1442. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13091442
Davletbaeva IM, Sazonov OO, Zakirov IN, Gumerov AM, Klinov AV, Fazlyev AR, Malygin AV. Organophosphorus Polyurethane Ionomers as Water Vapor Permeable and Pervaporation Membranes. Polymers. 2021; 13(9):1442. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13091442
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavletbaeva, Ilsiya M., Oleg O. Sazonov, Ilyas N. Zakirov, Askhat M. Gumerov, Alexander V. Klinov, Azat R. Fazlyev, and Alexander V. Malygin. 2021. "Organophosphorus Polyurethane Ionomers as Water Vapor Permeable and Pervaporation Membranes" Polymers 13, no. 9: 1442. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13091442