Polymers from Bamboo Extracts Produced by Laccase
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Material
2.2. Extraction of Bamboo Powder
2.2.1. Bamboo Powder Production
2.2.2. Boiling Extraction of Bamboo Powder in Acetate Buffer
2.3. Laccase-Assisted Polymerization of Bamboo Extracts
2.3.1. Free OH Content by the Folin–Ciocalteu Method
2.3.2. Laccase Activity
2.4. New Materials of Bamboo
2.4.1. Production of Bamboo Powder Tablets
2.4.2. Hardness Testing
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Extraction Yield
3.2. Enzymatic-Assisted Polymerization of the Extracts
3.3. Free OH Content after Polymerization
3.4. 1H NMR Spectroscopy
3.5. Polymerization Yield
3.6. Laccase Stability
3.7. The Hardness of Bamboo Tablets
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Compound Extracted | Concentration (mg/mL) |
---|---|
Coniferyl alcohol | 2.60 |
Sinapyl alcohol | 2.19 |
Glucuronic acid | 1.38 |
5-hydroxymethylfurfural | 2.01 |
Gallic acid | 0.77 |
Vanillic acid | 0.14 |
Guaiacol | 1.62 |
D-xylobiose | 1.90 |
Vanillin | 1.68 |
D-cellobiose | 0.19 |
D-cellotriose | 0.07 |
Original Bamboo Powder (g) | Bamboo Powder After Boiling (g) | Weight Loss of Bamboo Powder After Boiling (g) | Weight of Liquid After Freeze Drying (g) | Extraction Yield (%) | Total Extraction Yield (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st boiling | 20.00 ± 0.25 | 18.45 ± 0.12 | 1.55 ± 0.13 | 1.84 ± 0.16 | 9.19 ± 0.67 | 16.50 ±1.76 |
2nd boiling | 18.45 ± 0.12 | 18.18 ± 0.16 | 0.27 ± 0.04 | 1.35 ± 0.21 | 7.31 ± 1.09 |
Experiment * | After Extraction | Polymerization with Laccase | Control Group without Laccase |
---|---|---|---|
Extracted liquid (1st boiling) | |||
Absorbance | 0.468± 0.072 | 1.203± 0.100 | 0.472± 0.035 |
Extracted liquid (2nd boiling) | |||
Absorbance | 0.403± 0.053 | 0.948± 0.044 | 0.403± 0.028 |
1st Boiling Extracts | 2nd Boiling Extracts | |
---|---|---|
Polymerization yield * (%) | 63.0 ± 2.0 | 73.0 ± 2.0 |
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Su, J.; Wang, C.; Noro, J.; Cavaco-Paulo, A.; Silva, C.; Fu, J. Polymers from Bamboo Extracts Produced by Laccase. Polymers 2018, 10, 1141. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10101141
Su J, Wang C, Noro J, Cavaco-Paulo A, Silva C, Fu J. Polymers from Bamboo Extracts Produced by Laccase. Polymers. 2018; 10(10):1141. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10101141
Chicago/Turabian StyleSu, Jing, Cheng Wang, Jennifer Noro, Artur Cavaco-Paulo, Carla Silva, and Jiajia Fu. 2018. "Polymers from Bamboo Extracts Produced by Laccase" Polymers 10, no. 10: 1141. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10101141