Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment for Grey Cotton Knitted Fabric
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Materials
2.2. Conventional Preparation Processes
2.2.1. Cotton Scouring
2.2.2. Cotton Bleaching
2.3. Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment
2.4. Weight-Loss Measurement
2.5. Washing after Plasma Treatment
2.6. Scouring after Plasma Treatment
2.7. Wettability of Fabric (Drop Test (Modified AATCC 79-2014))
2.8. Yellowness
2.9. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
2.10. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy-Attenuated Total Reflection (FTIR-ATR)
2.11. X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer (XPS)
2.12. Data Treatment and Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Weight-Loss Measurement
3.2. Washing after Plasma Treatment
3.3. Scouring after Plasma Treatment
3.4. Wettability—Dispersion Size
3.5. Yellowness
3.6. Surface Morphology
3.6.1. Effect of Conventional Treatment
3.6.2. Effect of Plasma Treatment
3.7. FTIR-ATR
3.8. XPS
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fabric specification | Single jersey | Interlock |
---|---|---|
Weight (g/m2) | 255 | 385 |
Yarn count (s) | 30 | 32 |
Fabric thickness (mm) | 0.46 | 0.72 |
Fabric density (wales per inch × courses per inch) | 48 × 31 | 42 × 35 |
Plasma process parameters | Values | ||
---|---|---|---|
Flow rate of helium (liter per minute, L/min) | 30 | ||
Flow rate of oxygen (liter per minute, L/min) | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
Treatment time (mm/s) | 1 | ||
Output power (W) | 140 | 150 | 160 |
Nozzle-to-substrate distance (mm) | 3 |
Fabric type | Weight after plasma treatment (g) | Weight after cold washing (g) | Weight difference (g) | Weight loss percentage (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Single jersey | 5.72 | 5.58 | 0.14 | 2.45 |
Interlock | 8.06 | 7.78 | 0.28 | 3.47 |
Fabric type | Weight after plasma treatment (g) | Weight after hot washing (g) | Weight difference (g) | Weight loss percentage (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Single jersey | 5.78 | 5.60 | 0.18 | 3.11 |
Interlock | 8.12 | 7.82 | 0.30 | 3.69 |
Grey (g) | After plasma treatment (g) | Scouring duration (min) | Scouring temperature (°C) | Scoured (g) | Weight loss percentage (%) | WLC when compared with normal scouring (%) * |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6.06 | – | 60 | 100 | 5.56 | 8.25 | 0 |
5.92 | 5.66 | 60 | 100 | 5.44 | 8.11 | −0.14 |
5.84 | 5.60 | 45 | 100 | 5.40 | 7.53 | −0.72 |
5.96 | 5.70 | 45 | 80 | 5.54 | 7.05 | −1.20 |
5.96 | 5.72 | 45 | 65 | 5.58 | 6.38 | −1.87 |
Grey (g) | After plasma treatment (g) | Scouring duration (min) | Scouring temperature (°C) | Scoured (g) | Weight loss percentage (%) | WLC when compared with normal scouring (%) * |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
8.54 | – | 60 | 100 | 7.92 | 7.26 | 0 |
8.70 | 8.38 | 60 | 100 | 8.10 | 6.90 | −0.36 |
8.70 | 8.34 | 45 | 100 | 8.10 | 6.90 | −0.36 |
8.74 | 8.38 | 45 | 80 | 8.16 | 6.64 | −0.62 |
8.82 | 8.44 | 45 | 65 | 8.24 | 6.58 | −0.68 |
Element concentration (%) | ||||
Fabric sample | C1s | O1s | ||
Single jersey | Interlock | Single jersey | Interlock | |
Grey | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
Scoured | 0.47 | 0.49 | 0.53 | 0.51 |
Bleached | 0.37 | 0.42 | 0.63 | 0.58 |
Plasma | 0.71 | 0.59 | 0.29 | 0.41 |
Atomic Ratio (O/C) | ||||
Fabric sample | Single jersey | Interlock | ||
Grey | 0.33 | 0.33 | ||
Scoured | 1.13 | 1.04 | ||
Bleached | 1.70 | 1.38 | ||
Plasma | 0.41 | 0.69 |
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Kan, C.-w.; Lam, C.-f. Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment for Grey Cotton Knitted Fabric. Polymers 2018, 10, 53. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10010053
Kan C-w, Lam C-f. Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment for Grey Cotton Knitted Fabric. Polymers. 2018; 10(1):53. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10010053
Chicago/Turabian StyleKan, Chi-wai, and Chui-fung Lam. 2018. "Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment for Grey Cotton Knitted Fabric" Polymers 10, no. 1: 53. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10010053