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Volume 16
Issue 2
10.3390/cryst16020109
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Article

Influence of Acid-Modification on Physical and Photocatalytic Properties of TiO2 Powders Prepared by Sol–Gel Method

by
Bingwu Jiang
1,
Mamatrishat Mamat
2,*,
Yiliyasi Baikeli
3,* and
Yilin Jiang
4,*
1
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Street, Urumqi 830017, China
2
School of Physics and Technology, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Street, Urumqi 830017, China
3
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Dezhou University, 566 Daxuexilu, Dezhou 253023, China
4
The First Monitoring Station of Ecological Environment of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, 57 South Beijing Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi 830011, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Crystals 2026, 16(2), 109; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst16020109
Submission received: 31 December 2025 / Revised: 27 January 2026 / Accepted: 27 January 2026 / Published: 31 January 2026
(This article belongs to the Section Inorganic Crystalline Materials)
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Abstract

In this work, TiO2 powders modified with different acids (hydrochloric, nitric and sulfuric) were prepared using the sol–gel method. The XRD spectra demonstrated that the proportion of TiO2 anatase phase was significantly increased after modification with different acids. SEM confirmed that the grain size was significantly refined, a porous structure was formed, and the agglomeration of the powders was improved. XPS confirmed that the different acids broke the Ti-O bond of the original TiO2, and the new bond formation inhibited the transformation of the rutile phase during the annealing process. The results of photocatalytic activity tests confirmed that the degradation efficiencies were significantly improved for the all samples after modified by the acids, where the 5% H2SO4-TiO2 shows the best degradation efficiency of 79.5% for tetracycline (TC) antibiotic under 500 W mercury lamp irradiation within 28 min, compare to the hydrochloric, nitric acids.
Keywords: acid modification; TiO2 powder; sol–gel method; photocatalysis acid modification; TiO2 powder; sol–gel method; photocatalysis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Jiang, B.; Mamat, M.; Baikeli, Y.; Jiang, Y. Influence of Acid-Modification on Physical and Photocatalytic Properties of TiO2 Powders Prepared by Sol–Gel Method. Crystals 2026, 16, 109. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst16020109

AMA Style

Jiang B, Mamat M, Baikeli Y, Jiang Y. Influence of Acid-Modification on Physical and Photocatalytic Properties of TiO2 Powders Prepared by Sol–Gel Method. Crystals. 2026; 16(2):109. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst16020109

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiang, Bingwu, Mamatrishat Mamat, Yiliyasi Baikeli, and Yilin Jiang. 2026. "Influence of Acid-Modification on Physical and Photocatalytic Properties of TiO2 Powders Prepared by Sol–Gel Method" Crystals 16, no. 2: 109. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst16020109

APA Style

Jiang, B., Mamat, M., Baikeli, Y., & Jiang, Y. (2026). Influence of Acid-Modification on Physical and Photocatalytic Properties of TiO2 Powders Prepared by Sol–Gel Method. Crystals, 16(2), 109. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst16020109

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