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Article

2,2-Bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-1,1-diphenylethanol: A Versatile Heteroscorpionate Ligand for Transition and Main Group Metal Complexes

1
Institut für Anorganische Chemie, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
2
Institut für Organische Chemie, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Crystals 2025, 15(10), 865; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15100865
Submission received: 22 August 2025 / Revised: 26 September 2025 / Accepted: 27 September 2025 / Published: 30 September 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Organic Crystalline Materials)

Abstract

2,2-Bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-1,1-diphenylethanol (HL) is a heteroscorpionate ligand capable of coordinating metal ions through two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. We report a base free synthetic route to metal complexes of L and explore the resulting structural diversity. Notably, complex composition varies substantially depending on the metal ion, including dinuclear molybdenum species and distinct coordination behavior with silicon and copper. The isolated compounds include the dinuclear, oxygen-bridged complexes (LMoO2)2O and (LMoO)(μ-O)2, as well as the mononuclear complexes LTi(NMe2)3, LZrCl3, LGeCl3, LWO2Cl, LCu(acetate)2H, and LSiMe2Cl. Single crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that the bulky complex structures generate cavities in the crystal lattice, frequently occupied by solvent molecules. The titanium, zirconium, molybdenum, tungsten, and germanium complexes exhibit octahedral coordination, while structural peculiarities are observed for copper and silicon. The copper(II) complex shows a distorted octahedral geometry with one elongated ligand bond; the silicon complex is pentacoordinated in the solid state. Additional characterization includes melting points, NMR, and IR spectroscopy. The developed synthetic strategy provides a straightforward and versatile route to heteroscorpionate metal complexes.
Keywords: heteroscorpionate complexes; 2,2-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-1,1-diphenylethanol; titanium; zirconium; molybdenum; tungsten; copper; silicon; germanium; molecular structure heteroscorpionate complexes; 2,2-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-1,1-diphenylethanol; titanium; zirconium; molybdenum; tungsten; copper; silicon; germanium; molecular structure

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MDPI and ACS Style

Böhme, U.; Günther, B.; Schwarzer, A. 2,2-Bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-1,1-diphenylethanol: A Versatile Heteroscorpionate Ligand for Transition and Main Group Metal Complexes. Crystals 2025, 15, 865. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15100865

AMA Style

Böhme U, Günther B, Schwarzer A. 2,2-Bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-1,1-diphenylethanol: A Versatile Heteroscorpionate Ligand for Transition and Main Group Metal Complexes. Crystals. 2025; 15(10):865. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15100865

Chicago/Turabian Style

Böhme, Uwe, Betty Günther, and Anke Schwarzer. 2025. "2,2-Bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-1,1-diphenylethanol: A Versatile Heteroscorpionate Ligand for Transition and Main Group Metal Complexes" Crystals 15, no. 10: 865. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15100865

APA Style

Böhme, U., Günther, B., & Schwarzer, A. (2025). 2,2-Bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-1,1-diphenylethanol: A Versatile Heteroscorpionate Ligand for Transition and Main Group Metal Complexes. Crystals, 15(10), 865. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15100865

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