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Volume 14
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10.3390/cryst14121030
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Article

Properties of Cement-Based Materials Incorporating Ground-Recycled Diatom

by
Carlos Rodriguez
1,*,
Fernando Fernandez
1,
Roberto Rodriguez
1,
Marina Sanchez
1,
Pablo Gómez
1,
Felipe Martí
1,
Miriam Hernández
1,
Isabel Miñano
2,
Carlos Parra
2,
Francisco Benito
2 and
Irene Beleña
3
1
Department of Sustainable Construction, Centro Tecnológico de la Construcción, 30820 Alcantarilla, Spain
2
Department of Architecture and Building Technologies, Technical/Polytechnic University of Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
3
Metal-Processing, Furniture, Wood and Packaging Technology Institute, Technology Park, Street Benjamín Franklin, 13, 46980 Paterna, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Crystals 2024, 14(12), 1030; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14121030
Submission received: 29 October 2024 / Revised: 19 November 2024 / Accepted: 25 November 2024 / Published: 28 November 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Hybrid and Composite Crystalline Materials)
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Abstract

This research investigates the use of recycled diatomaceous earth (diatomite) from the wine, beer, and oil industries as supplementary cementitious materials in cement-based mixtures. This study aims to reduce embodied energy and promote circular economy practices by incorporating these industrial by-products. The research evaluates the compressive strength, durability, and pozzolanic activity of the mixtures over 7, 28, and 90 days of hydration. The results demonstrate that uncalcined diatoms from wine and oil showed lower compressive strength than natural diatomite, whereas calcination at 500 °C significantly improved performance. Beer diatoms exhibited the lowest mechanical strength because of the organic matter content in their composition. The incorporation of quicklime failed to induce pozzolanic activity in uncalcined diatoms; however, calcination at 500 °C led to improved long-term performance, highlighting the importance of heat treatment for activating diatoms’ pozzolanic properties. This study concludes that recycled diatoms, particularly when calcined, have potential as sustainable cementitious materials.
Keywords: diatom; recycled diatomite; wine; beer; oil; compressive strength; water demand; setting time; circular economy diatom; recycled diatomite; wine; beer; oil; compressive strength; water demand; setting time; circular economy

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MDPI and ACS Style

Rodriguez, C.; Fernandez, F.; Rodriguez, R.; Sanchez, M.; Gómez, P.; Martí, F.; Hernández, M.; Miñano, I.; Parra, C.; Benito, F.; et al. Properties of Cement-Based Materials Incorporating Ground-Recycled Diatom. Crystals 2024, 14, 1030. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14121030

AMA Style

Rodriguez C, Fernandez F, Rodriguez R, Sanchez M, Gómez P, Martí F, Hernández M, Miñano I, Parra C, Benito F, et al. Properties of Cement-Based Materials Incorporating Ground-Recycled Diatom. Crystals. 2024; 14(12):1030. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14121030

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rodriguez, Carlos, Fernando Fernandez, Roberto Rodriguez, Marina Sanchez, Pablo Gómez, Felipe Martí, Miriam Hernández, Isabel Miñano, Carlos Parra, Francisco Benito, and et al. 2024. "Properties of Cement-Based Materials Incorporating Ground-Recycled Diatom" Crystals 14, no. 12: 1030. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14121030

APA Style

Rodriguez, C., Fernandez, F., Rodriguez, R., Sanchez, M., Gómez, P., Martí, F., Hernández, M., Miñano, I., Parra, C., Benito, F., & Beleña, I. (2024). Properties of Cement-Based Materials Incorporating Ground-Recycled Diatom. Crystals, 14(12), 1030. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14121030

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