Incorporation of Recycled Tire Products in Pavement-Grade Concrete: An Experimental Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Benchmark Concrete Mix Design
2.2. Recycled Tire Products
2.2.1. Crumb Rubber (CR)
2.2.2. Shredded Rubber (SR)
2.2.3. Steel Fibers (SF)
2.3. Concrete Mixes Containing Recycled Tire Products
3. Results
3.1. Slump Test Results
3.2. Density of Concrete
3.3. Compressive Strength
3.4. Tensile Strength
3.5. Modulus of Rupture
4. Discussion
4.1. Slump Test
4.2. Compressive Strength
4.3. Tensile Strength
4.4. Modulus of Rupture
5. Conclusions
- The incorporation of CR has a detrimental effect on all concrete properties considered in this study. However, the effects on tensile strength and modulus of rupture were the most evident.
- The introduction of SR into a benchmark concrete mix has a noticeable, almost proportional effect on the 7 and 28-day compressive strength and tensile strength.
- The introduction of 0.1% and 0.2% SF managed to increase the modulus of rupture and the 7-day compressive strength of the benchmark, respectively. On the other hand, excessive use of SF leads to the concrete having significantly weaker properties compared to a benchmark mix.
- The preliminary results from the individual tire products were used to determine optimal dosages of each material for use in a hybrid mix, which has not been attempted by many researchers. It is interesting to note how the hybrid mixes exhibit very similar trends to their constituent replacement materials. The incorporation of each material at a low dosage (5% for rubber products and 0.1% for steel fibers) was able to maintain the properties of the benchmark mix, if not improve on them.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CR | crumb rubber |
Kg | kilogram |
Mm | millimeter |
MPa | megapascal |
m3 | cubic meter |
SF | steel fiber |
SR | shredded rubber |
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Material | Quantity |
---|---|
Cement (kg/m3) | 327 |
Sand (kg/m3) | 663 |
Coarse aggregates: 9.5 mm (kg/m3) | 740 |
Coarse aggregates: 12.5 mm (kg/m3) | 442 |
Water (kg/m3) | 180 |
SIKAment®-500 OM Superplasticizer (% of binder weight) | 2.00 |
Water/Cement ratio | 0.55 |
Dimension | Average | Standard Deviation |
---|---|---|
Length (mm) | 24 | 8.6 |
Diameter (mm) | 0.34 | 0.076 |
No. | Code | Description |
---|---|---|
1 | BM | Benchmark concrete with no recycled tire products |
2 | SR-1 | 5% (by volume) of coarse aggregates (9.5 and 12.5 mm) is replaced by shredded rubber |
3 | SR-2 | 10% (by volume) of coarse aggregates (9.5 and 12.5 mm) is replaced by shredded rubber |
4 | SR-3 | 15% (by volume) of coarse aggregates (9.5 and 12.5 mm) is replaced by shredded rubber |
5 | SR-4 | 20% (by volume) of coarse aggregates (9.5 and 12.5 mm) is replaced by shredded rubber |
6 | CR-1 | 5% (by volume) of sand is replaced by crumb rubber |
7 | CR-2 | 10% (by volume) of sand is replaced by crumb rubber |
8 | CR-3 | 15% (by volume) of sand is replaced by crumb rubber |
9 | CR-4 | 20% (by volume) of sand is replaced by crumb rubber |
10 | SF-1 | 0.1% steel fibers are added to BM (by volume of concrete) |
11 | SF-2 | 0.2% steel fibers are added to BM (by volume of concrete) |
12 | SF-3 | 0.3% steel fibers are added to BM (by volume of concrete) |
13 | H-1 | 5% (by volume) of coarse aggregates (9.5 and 12.5 mm) is replaced by shredded rubber and 0.1% steel fibers (by volume of concrete) are added to the mix |
14 | H-2 | 10% (by volume) of coarse aggregates (9.5 and 12.5 mm) is replaced by shredded rubber and 0.1% steel fibers (by volume of concrete) are added to the mix |
15 | H-3 | 15% (by volume) of coarse aggregates (9.5 and 12.5 mm) is replaced by shredded rubber and 0.1% steel fibers (by volume of concrete) are added to the mix |
16 | H-4 | 20% (by volume) of coarse aggregates (9.5 and 12.5 mm) is replaced by shredded rubber and 0.1% steel fibers (by volume of concrete) are added to the mix |
17 | H-5 | 5% (by volume) of sand is replaced by crumb rubber and 0.1% steel fibers (by volume of concrete) are added to the mix |
18 | H-6 | 10% (by volume) of sand is replaced by crumb rubber and 0.1% steel fibers (by volume of concrete) are added to the mix |
19 | H-7 | 15% (by volume) of sand is replaced by crumb rubber and 0.1% steel fibers (by volume of concrete) are added to the mix |
20 | H-8 | 20% (by volume) of sand is replaced by crumb rubber and 0.1% steel fibers (by volume of concrete) are added to the mix |
21 | H-9 | 5% (by volume) of coarse aggregates (9.5 and 12.5 mm) is replaced by shredded rubber, 5% (by volume) of sand is replaced by crumb rubber, and 0.1% steel fibers (by volume of concrete) are added to the mix |
22 | H-10 | 10% (by volume) of coarse aggregates (9.5 and 12.5 mm) is replaced by shredded rubber, 10% (by volume) of sand is replaced by crumb rubber, and 0.1% steel fibers (by volume of concrete) are added to the mix |
23 | H-11 | 5% (by volume) of coarse aggregates (9.5 and 12.5 mm) is replaced by shredded rubber and 5% (by volume) of sand is replaced by crumb rubber |
24 | H-12 | 10% (by volume) of coarse aggregates (9.5 and 12.5 mm) is replaced by shredded rubber and 10% (by volume) of sand is replaced by crumb rubber |
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Soleimani, S.M.; Alaqqad, A.R.; Jumaah, A.; Mohammad, N.; Faheiman, A. Incorporation of Recycled Tire Products in Pavement-Grade Concrete: An Experimental Study. Crystals 2021, 11, 161. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11020161
Soleimani SM, Alaqqad AR, Jumaah A, Mohammad N, Faheiman A. Incorporation of Recycled Tire Products in Pavement-Grade Concrete: An Experimental Study. Crystals. 2021; 11(2):161. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11020161
Chicago/Turabian StyleSoleimani, Sayed Mohamad, Abdel Rahman Alaqqad, Adel Jumaah, Naser Mohammad, and Alanoud Faheiman. 2021. "Incorporation of Recycled Tire Products in Pavement-Grade Concrete: An Experimental Study" Crystals 11, no. 2: 161. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11020161
APA StyleSoleimani, S. M., Alaqqad, A. R., Jumaah, A., Mohammad, N., & Faheiman, A. (2021). Incorporation of Recycled Tire Products in Pavement-Grade Concrete: An Experimental Study. Crystals, 11(2), 161. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11020161